Idealism in Spinoza's Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Ethics:
[Thesis]
Butler, Sean
A Friendly and Judicious Revision to the Active/Passive Distinction as Solution to Spinoza's Attribute and Parallelism Problems
Easton, Patricia
The Claremont Graduate University
2020
203
Ph.D.
The Claremont Graduate University
2020
Spinoza's doctrine of parallelism admits of certain observed inconsistencies that have long troubled Spinoza scholars. The scholarship over the last one hundred and thirty years or so has offered three dominant interpretations of Spinoza's metaphysics as a result of the deficiencies with the doctrine of parallelism. These are 1) the subjective/objective distinction according to which the attribute of thought is understood as subjective and the attribute of extension is understood as objective, 2) materialism according to which the attribute of thought is claimed to depend on the attribute of extension, and 3) idealism according to which the attribute of extension is claimed to depend on the attribute of thought. A tension between materialism and idealism is addressed by each of these approaches. And the question of Spinozist idealism is of great concern to contemporary Spinoza scholarship. However, none of these interpretations succeed as they each fail to properly locate Spinoza's problems with parallelism in a deeper attribute problem. Interpretations 1 and 2 fail more severely for also clashing with other central themes of Spinoza's project such as his ethics which prioritizes thought at the expense of extension.