Developing a Nonhierarchical Concept of Difference:
[Thesis]
Ireland, Kate
Ecofeminism and Gestalt Therapy Theory
Whitfield, Carol
California Institute of Integral Studies
2020
148
Ph.D.
California Institute of Integral Studies
2020
Ecofeminist Val Plumwood (1993) articulates that the dualistic logic which pervades Western culture operates by distorting difference and establishing hierarchical relationships based on that distortion. She identifies 5 aspects of hierarchical relationships that function to uphold that distortion: backgrounding, instrumentalism, incorporation, radical exclusion, and homogenization. Plumwood argues that the logic of dualism is at the root of the linked oppressions of marginalized groups. These oppressions are currently being challenged by movements such as Black Lives Matter, #MeToo, and climate protests. Plumwood articulates that in order to effectively challenge these linked oppressions, a nonhierarchical concept of difference must be developed, which would thereby challenge the logic of dualism.