Habib Allah's Seventeenth-Century Persian Painting Folio 11r, 'The Concourse of the Birds'
Watenpaugh, Heghnar
University of California, Davis
2020
66
M.A.
University of California, Davis
2020
Farid ud-din Attar's twelfth-century Persian poetic narrative, Mantiq al-Tayr (The Conference of the Birds) introduced an entirely new presentation of the Sufi doctrine utilizing an innovative avian allegory that provided a path away from worldly afflictions towards spiritual enlightenment, thus provoking a corrective course of action. Habib Allah's illustration, folio 11r: "The Concourse of the Birds," (c.1600, Isfahan) is the only page in the entire corresponding illuminated manuscript that directly depicts Attar's allegory and the meta-narrative of The Conference of the Birds. To date, there has not been substantial individual research on the allegorical and iconographic meanings of folio 11r. One of the few studies that has been done asserts that there is no iconographic meaning at all. This thesis directly contradicts that claim. In folio 11r "The Concourse of the Birds," Habib Allah interwove Attar's original avian allegory and groundbreaking symbolic assignments with specifically chosen sociopolitical and mystical iconographies from both the Timurid and Safavid Dynasties to create an effective and enduring visual formula that enhances the delivery of allegorical calls to action. A comparison of these elements in Habib Allah's seventeenth-century Persian painting and Shiva Ahmadi's contemporary painting, Safe Haven (2012) is a testament to the enduring legacy of this visual formula.