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رده
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محل استقرار
TLets375150
Intending to return; Portuguese migrants in France :
[Thesis]
Caspari, A.
A case study from Grenoble.
University of Sussex
1986
Ph.D.
University of Sussex
1986
The movement of labour from the less developed countries of southern Europe and North Africa to theindustrial economiesof northern Europe in the 1960s and 1970s, has led to a migrant populationof some 15million in these countries. Poduguese labour migration to France has been part of this wider movement,and the Portuguese are one of the largest migrant groups, representing over one fifth of the estimated fourmillionmigrants in France. Ambivalenceas to the migrants' status and future is considerable on the level ofpolicy, in the literature concerning these labour migrations, and among the migrants themselves: theuncertainty is whether the phenomenonis one of settlement and permanent immigration or of temporarymigration and ultimately the return of migrants to their countries of origin.Takingthe case of Portuguese migrants in Grenoble, this thesis explores the intentions of Portuguese migrantworkers in France to return to Portugal. In part this may be seen as a prior intention, consistent with themigrants' initial plans to benefit from the employment opportunities and better pay abroad, and to earn asmuch money as possible in a short time, in order to be able to return to Portugal. I describe precedents forthis kindof a return migration in Portugal's extensive emigration history. However, this return orientationin migration cannot be seen only as the continuity of a cultural form, or as occurring in France in anideological vacuum. The intention to return to Portugal, which implies a limited commitment to France, and areference to Portuguese conditions and values, is fundamental in the migrants' tolerance of generallydisadvantageous conditions, particularly of employment, in France, and thereby an aspect of the migrants'continuing usefulness there. The migrants' differentiation from the French workforce is in some respectsbeneficial to French society, and the migrants' economic, political and social marginality is reinforced andperpetuated on an ideologicallevel, by ltgislation, and in a variety of ways in evtryday pratice. Culturaldifferences may be cultivated, and there is an involuntary aspect to the migrants' marginality and the returnorientation. For these reasons I have stressed tht broader political and economic forces in labour migration asthe context which acts on the migrants and within which they must act.Yet for many migrants, the intention to return to Portugal is more than a passive response to theirvulnerable postition in French society or a product of the ideology of the dominant society. While we aredealing with a subjective intention to return rather than actual returns, this is a dynamic element of migrantidentity and culture in France, full of tensions but with great symbolic importance as well as far-reachingpractical implications for their lives and the nature of their participation in French life. This is particularlythe case for many of the older generation of migrants aged between 30-50. Their return orientation is oftenaccompaniedby an adherence to what they see as 'Portuguese' values and culture, the forms and expressionsof which I consider; it is also associated with the maintenance of social and economio links with Portugal,distinctive savings and consumption patterns, a steady flow of remittances, and by a perception of migrationas temporary even after 20 or more years' residence in France. The return orientation is central amongmany Portuguese migrants in France, not just as a latent desire, but as a system of meaning and astructuring principle in every day life; plans to return not only justify migration in tht long term, but are apriority which is used to organise and give coherence to the migrants' daily strategies and choices. TMmaintenance of an alternative value system, an identity, and options aside from those that conditions inFrance impose on them, gives the migrants a certain autonomy despite the constraints of their situation
Labour migration to France
Caspari, A.
University of Sussex
مطالعه متن کتاب p
[Thesis]
276903
a
Y
