It is possible to identify a public approach to theology in some contemporary Spanish theologians, although the term itself is foreign in Spanish theological circles. The theological reflections of Alfonso Álvarez Bolado and Olegario González de Cardedal are a great example in this sense. The former sheds a theological view on Franco's dictatorship to criticize its supposedly religious legitimation. The latter is an attempt to clarify the confusion between Spanish citizenship and Catholicism in the young Spanish democracy. The work of these two authors also helps us identify the main traits of the Spanish context that will shape the future of public theology in this country. Any future effort for developing a public theology in Spain necessarily should be done based on this previous tradition. It is possible to identify a public approach to theology in some contemporary Spanish theologians, although the term itself is foreign in Spanish theological circles. The theological reflections of Alfonso Álvarez Bolado and Olegario González de Cardedal are a great example in this sense. The former sheds a theological view on Franco's dictatorship to criticize its supposedly religious legitimation. The latter is an attempt to clarify the confusion between Spanish citizenship and Catholicism in the young Spanish democracy. The work of these two authors also helps us identify the main traits of the Spanish context that will shape the future of public theology in this country. Any future effort for developing a public theology in Spain necessarily should be done based on this previous tradition.