Human well-being in industrialized and developing nations continues to be influenced by disparate components and there is growing evidence that climate change is a new and potentially damaging global threat. Context affects the prospect of finding solutions because socio-economic elements, ethical considerations, and moral norms all play their part. Of central concern is how to advance from the innumerable benefits of capitalism and industrialization based on economies driven by fossil fuels towards a predominantly low carbon economy faced with high population growth rates, consumerism in the North, poverty in the South, financial instability worldwide, and food insecurity. Cooperation among nations has become a pressing priority and it demands that value systems should be incorporated more strongly into international negotiations if we are to sustain a civil society that responds positively to the new politics of the global environment. Human well-being in industrialized and developing nations continues to be influenced by disparate components and there is growing evidence that climate change is a new and potentially damaging global threat. Context affects the prospect of finding solutions because socio-economic elements, ethical considerations, and moral norms all play their part. Of central concern is how to advance from the innumerable benefits of capitalism and industrialization based on economies driven by fossil fuels towards a predominantly low carbon economy faced with high population growth rates, consumerism in the North, poverty in the South, financial instability worldwide, and food insecurity. Cooperation among nations has become a pressing priority and it demands that value systems should be incorporated more strongly into international negotiations if we are to sustain a civil society that responds positively to the new politics of the global environment.