Taking as its starting-point an aphorism in The gay science, this paper examines Nietzsche's distinction between the (chaotic) 'total character of the world' and the (cosmic) 'astral order in which we live'. It relates this distinction, not only to Nietzsche's earlier claim in The birth of tragedy that 'it is only as an aesthetic phenomenon that existence and the world are eternally justified', but also, via Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, to Jung's concept of archetypal structures. Finally, it examines the case of one of Jung's patients, a young labourer suffering from schizophrenia; Jung's interest in Hölderlin; and his discussion of the Stoic concept of heimarmene. Taking as its starting-point an aphorism in The gay science, this paper examines Nietzsche's distinction between the (chaotic) 'total character of the world' and the (cosmic) 'astral order in which we live'. It relates this distinction, not only to Nietzsche's earlier claim in The birth of tragedy that 'it is only as an aesthetic phenomenon that existence and the world are eternally justified', but also, via Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, to Jung's concept of archetypal structures. Finally, it examines the case of one of Jung's patients, a young labourer suffering from schizophrenia; Jung's interest in Hölderlin; and his discussion of the Stoic concept of heimarmene.