ʿAyn Jālūt , "the Spring of Goliath," in northern Palestine, is the name given to an important battle in which the Mamlūks defeated the Mongols in 658/1260. ʿAyn Jālūt is located in the Esdraelon Valley (Marj Banī ʿĀmir), north of the Gilboa Mountains (Jabal Faqqūʿa), known in Hebrew as Maʿayan Ḥarōd (Judges 7). Two important battles in the late Middle Ages were fought in the area: (1) The Franks successfully held off Salāḥ al-Dīn there in the fall of 580/1184; and (2) the Mamlūks defeated the Mongols there