The ʿAfar (written Qafár in their language, itself called ʿAfar) are a predominantly Muslim pastoral society of the arid lowlands of the Horn of Africa. The ʿAfar language belongs to the eastern branch of the Cushitic family. The ʿAfar are known as Dankali (pl. Danākil) in Arabic and ʿAdāl in Amharic. These names referred originally to subgroups that formed the core populations of mediaeval kingdoms. Nowadays, about seventy percent (about 1.3 million, approximately one percent of this country's population) of the ʿAfar live in Ethiopia. They also inhabit