ʿAbd al-Ghaffār Khān - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
[Article]
Leake, Elisabeth
Leiden
Brill
(1,200 words)
ʿAbd al-Ghaffār Khān (1890-1988), a Pathan (Paťhān) leader and politician, was a leading figure in the Indian independence movement, who was known also as Bādshāh Khān ( khān of khān s) or the "Frontier Gandhi" for his devotion to non-violence. He was born in the village of ʿUthmānzay Charsada, in the Peshawar district of what became, in 1901, the North-West Frontier Province of colonial India (and later Pakistan). His father was a wealthy khān (landowner), who ensured that ʿAbd al-Ghāffar was well educated, first at a