ʿAbd al-Bārī (1878-1926) was one of the leading ʿulamāʾ in the Muslim politics of British India in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Born 14 January 1878 into the Farangī Maḥall family of Lucknow, he was powerfully conscious of its achievements: in embedding Iranian scholarship in the maʿqūlāt sciences (logic, philosophy, theology, and mathematics) in northern India; in spreading their own Dars-i Niẓāmī curriculum (the madrasa teaching curriculum developed by Mullā Niẓām al-Dīn of Farangī Maḥall, d. 1748) through the subcontinent; and in resisting