The Persian Kartid dynasty (r. 643-783/1245-1381) originated in the Ghūr mountains of the Hindu Kush. Kartid rule emerged in vassalage to the Mongols, in about 618/1221. After about 649/1251, the dynasty came to rule, from Herat, a contiguous tract of Iran and "Afghānistān" (Khurāsān, Ghūr, Gharjistān, Jūzjān, Tukhāristān, Bāmiyān, Ghaznīn, Zabulistān, and Sīstān). With the death, in 736/1335, of Abū Saʿīd b. Öljeytü (r. 716-36/1316-35), the heirless Mongol īlkhān of Persia and Iraq, the Karts ruled independently until 783/1381, when