Saʿd b. Manṣūr Ibn Kammūna (d. 683/1284) was a Jewish philosopher active mainly in Baghdad. Life He was born early in the seventh/thirteenth century into a Jewish family, probably in Baghdad. There are grounds for supposing that his family had a tradition of erudition, and Saʿd early received schooling in both Jewish and Islamic letters. There is strong evidence that, like many others, especially intellectuals, Ibn Kammūna fled westwards from the advance of the Mongols, finding temporary refuge in Aleppo, in about the middle of the seventh/thirteenth