Gabriel (Ar. Jibrīl, as in the Cairo Qurʾān, or Jabrāʾīl; from Hebr. Gabrīʾēl, probably through Christian Palestinian Aramaic Gabrīl) appears in two passages of the Qurʾān (Q 2:97-98; 66:4). In Islamic tradition he is an angel closely associated with the prophet Muḥammad. 1. Gabriel in the Qurʾān While the Qurʾān does not explicitly call Gabriel an angel, in al-Baqara (2:97-8) it does make him the agent of divine revelation, in accord with Jewish and Christian tradition. Gabriel plays the role of heavenly messenger in