The word cartography first appears in the nineteenth century, coined by Manuel Francisco de Barros e Sousa, Viscount of Santarém (1791-1856). In this survey, it will be used as a synonym for the practices of mapmaking and for the results of those practices. The Chicago history of cartography includes in its purview maps of the universe and maps of the earth as a whole, as well as parts of the planet. This entry will focus on terrestrial imaging in premodern Islamicate societies; there is little research on mapmaking for