Munīr Bashīr (b. Mosul 1930, d. Budapest 28 September 1997) was a famous Iraqi ʿūd player. Born into a Christian family of musicians, he became a pupil of the virtuoso Turkish ʿūd player Şerif Muhittin Targan (also known as Sherif Muhiddin Haydar, 1892-1967), who introduced him to the Arab short-necked lute, al-ʿūd , and to the Turkish way of playing, which focuses on the quality and beauty of the sound and on an expanded technique, allowing for a more virtuoso style. Bashīr's first concert in Europe was