Astrolabes, quadrants, and calculating devices - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
[Article]
King, David A.
Leiden
Brill
(2,946 words)
Astrolabe (Ar. asṭurlāb or aṣṭurlāb ), is a Greek invention of late antiquity, which Muslims first encountered in the second/eighth century in Ḥarrān. The utility of the instrument-a mirror of the universe that can be held in the hand-immediately inspired them to make astrolabes of their own, with the earliest surviving Islamic astrolabe dating from late second/eighth-century Baghdad. The instrument has many uses, especially as an analogue computer and for astronomical timekeeping, as well as for deriving basic information for a horoscope. Muslim astronomers in Baghdad