al-Aṭrash, Sulṭān - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
[Article]
Schäbler, Birgit
Leiden
Brill
(509 words)
Sulṭān al-Aṭrash (1891-1982), son of Dhuqān and grandson of Muṣṭafā, from the Qurayya "warrior" branch of the al-Aṭrash clan in the Jabal Druze (Ḥawrān), in Syria, was born and raised during a series of Ottoman military campaigns against the Jabal. These operations were part of Ottoman centralising policies in the rural areas of the Arab provinces, during the last decades of the empire. In his memoirs, Sulṭān recalls the campaign by Mamdūḥ Pasha in 1896 as his earliest childhood memory. The family escaped forced exile, the punishment