Sultan Agung (r. 1613-46), was the greatest of the kings of the Mataram dynasty of Java and a major reconciler of Javanese and Islamic identities. Sultan Agung ("great Sultan") was an appellation used only after the ruler's death. Earlier in his reign he held a series of Javanese titles: Pangeran ("prince, lord"), and Panembahan and Susunan (both meaning "honoured lord"), acquiring the title of "sultan" only in 1641. He is nevertheless referred to as "Sultan Agung" throughout Javanese sources and in the historical literature. Before Agung came to