عنوان

Genes and aging /

0511665504

9780511665509

052101994X

0521382998

9780521019941

9780521382991

b790507

Genes and aging /

[Book]

M.S. Kanungo.

New York, NY, USA :

Cambridge University Press,

1994.

1 online resource (xii, 322 pages :

illustrations)

Includes bibliographical references (pages 290-319) and index.

(Cont) Active and inactive chromatin -- Protein-coding genes -- Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA genes -- Age-related changes in chromatin structure and function -- Eukaryotic genes -- Exons and introns -- Transcription -- RNA polymerase II -- Transcription factors -- Processing of pre-mRNA, pre-tRNA and pre-rRNA -- Splicing of pre-mRNA -- Splicing of pre-rRNA and pre-tRNA -- Structure of eukaryotic genes -- DNA sequences that control transcription -- Cis-acting elements -- Repeated DNA sequences -- DNA-binding proteins -- Helix-turn-helix (HTH) -- Helix-loop-helix (HLH) -- Zinc finger -- Leucine zipper -- Modifications of bases in DNA -- Methylation -- Other modifications -- Mechanism of action of regulatory elements in genes -- Factors that regulate transcription -- Regulation of gene expression -- Changes in gene expression during aging -- Programmed cell death -- Gene expression in vivo -- Genes for enzymes -- Genes for other proteins -- Genes for acute-phase proteins -- Heat-shock protein genes -- Genes for structural proteins -- Oncogenes -- Transgenes -- Gene expression in vitro.

(Cont) Dominant nature of cellular senescence -- Chromosome implicated in cellular senescence -- Proto-oncogenes and cellular senescence -- Response to heat stress -- Inhibitors of cellular proliferation -- Cause of senescence of fibroblasts -- Changes in gene expression -- Reactivation of genes in old age -- Genes in X chromosomes -- Increased activation of other genes -- Amyloid precursor protein gene and Alzheimer's disease -- Methylation -- Alterations in mitochondrial DNA -- Editing and splicing of RNA -- Editing of mRNA -- Alternative splicing of pre-RNA -- Telomere DNA -- Theories of aging -- Somatic mutation theory -- DNA damage and repair -- Error theory -- Disposable soma theory -- Dysdifferentiation hypothesis -- Gene regulation theory -- Deterioration of function -- Determination of life span -- Conclusions and future prospects.

Phases in life span -- Development -- Reproductive phase -- Senescence -- Functional changes during aging -- Life span -- Longevity -- Evolution of aging -- Cell death -- Science of aging -- Phenotypic changes during aging -- Changes in levels of enzymes -- Kinetics and other parameters of enzymes -- Changes in multiple forms of proteins during aging -- Induction of enzymes -- Changes in collagen -- Turnover of proteins -- Modifications of bases -- Changes in RNA -- Transfer RNA -- Ribosomal RNA -- Messenger RNA -- Turnover of RNA -- DNA polymerases -- Chromatin -- Histones -- H1 histone -- Core histones: H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 -- H5 histone -- Protamines -- Histone genes -- Histone variants -- Modifications of chromosomal proteins -- Acetylation -- Phosphorylation -- Poly(ADP)-ribosylation -- Methylation -- Ubiquitination -- Synthesis and turnover of histones -- Nonhistone chromosomal proteins -- Structure of chromatin -- DNA-histone interactions -- Higher-order structure of chromatin -- Interphase chromosomes -- Metaphase chromosomes -- Chromatin structure and transcription.

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He reviews the latest studies being carried out in various laboratories, outlines the gaps and deficiencies in our present knowledge, and suggests the most profitable future areas of research. Genes and Aging is for all students and researchers interested in the molecular biology of aging.

The maximum life span of multicellular organisms varies greatly: for a fruitfly it is about 30 days, for a dog about 20 years, and for a human about 100 years. Despite these differences, all animals show a similar pattern in their life spans - growth, adulthood, and aging, followed by death. The basic cause of aging in multicellular organisms (eukaryotes) lies at the level of the genes, although nutrition and various types of stresses do influence the rate and pattern of aging.

This book reviews the molecular biology of the gene in relation to aging. Until about a decade ago it was not possible to probe into the types of changes that occur in eukaryotic genes, due to their enormous complexity The use of genetic engineering techniques, however, is beginning to unravel the changes that occur in the genes as an organism ages: such as the changing expression of specific genes under normal conditions and under various types of stress, the changes in the regulatory roles of the sequences in the promoter regions of genes, conformational changes that may occur in genes during aging, and the protein factors that are involved in the aging process. The author presents basic information on eukaryotic genes and follows this with details of the changes that occur in their structure and function during aging.

Genes and aging.

Aging-- Genetic aspects.

Cells-- Aging.

Aging-- genetics.

Cellule-- Senescence.

Senescence.

Aging-- Genetic aspects.

Altern

Cells-- Aging.

Cellules eucaryotes-- Physiologie.

Cellules-- Vieillissement.

Genen.

Genetik

Veroudering (biologie, psychologie)

Vieillissement-- Aspect genetique.

Vieillissement de la cellule.

Vieillissement-- Genetique.

Zelle.

Zelle.

Kanungo, M. S., (Madhu Sudan),1927-

20201207035315.0

[Book]

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