Includes bibliographical references (pages 391-413) and index.
Ch. 1. Equations over Finite Fields. 1.1. Congruences. 1.2. Congruences Relative to a Double Module and Finite Fields. 1.3. Artin's L-Functions. 1.4. Superelliptic Equations and the Artin- Schreier Equation -- Ch. 2. Distribution of Quadratic Residues and Nonresidues. 2.1. The Results of Vinogradov and Burgess. 2.2. The Large Sieve and its Application to the Least Quadratic Nonresidue Problem -- Ch. 3. Rational Points on Algebraic Curves. 3.1. Rational Curves. 3.2. Elliptic Curves -- Ch. 4. The Riemann-Roch Theorem. 4.1. Affine and Projective Varieties. 4.2. Divisors of Algebraic Curves. 4.3. The Riemann-Roch Theorem on an Algebraic Curve -- Ch. 5. The Riemann Hypothesis for Congruence Zeta-Functions. 5.1. Zeta Functions of Algebraic Curves and Varieties. 5.2. The Number of Rational Points of an Algebraic Curve over a Finite Field -- Ch. 6. Integral Points on Curves and Nonstandard Arithmetic. 6.1. Integral Points on Algebraic Curves. 6.2. Algebraic Systems and Models -- 6.3. Enlargements of Algebraic Number Fields -- Ch. 7. The Siegel-Mahler Theorem. 7.1. A Nonstandard Equivalent of the Siegel-Mahler Theorem. 7.2. Proof of the Siegel-Mahler Theorem -- Appendix. Hilbert's Tenth Problem.