Structures of the open-chain forms of reducing sugars, and their carbonyl group reactions -- Conformations of monosaccharides -- Nucleophilic substitution at the anomeric centre -- Primary structure and conformation of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides -- Enzyme-catalysed glycosyl transfer -- Heterolytic chemistry other than nucleophilic attack at the anomeric or carbonyl centre -- One-electron chemistry of carbohydrates.
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Carbohydrates play important roles in biological systems as energy sources, as structural materials, and as informational structures.