Introduction / Jamal Malik -- Ahl-i Sunnat Madrasas : the Madrasa Manzar-i Islam, Bareilly, and Jamia Ashrafiyya, Mubarakpur / Usha Sanyal -- Making Muslims : identity and difference in Indian Madrasas / Arshad Alam -- Madrasas : the potential for violence in Pakistan? / Tariq Rahman -- Pakistani Madrasas and rural underdevelopment : an empirical study of Ahmedpur East / Saleem Hali -- Pakistan's recent experience in reforming Islamic education / Christopher Candland -- The gender of Madrasa teaching / Nita Kumar -- Cinematic representation of Islamic learning and identity conflict in Bangladesh / Zakir Hossain Raju -- Power, purity and the vanguard: educational ideology of the Jamaat-i-Islami of India / Irfan Ahmad -- In lieu of a conclusion / Jamal Malik.