1. T cells -- overview -- update / Hendrik Schulze-Koops and Joachim R. Kalden -- 2. Pathways of T-cell costimulation / Brendan J. Classon, Steven G. Nadler and Suzanne J. Suchard -- 3. Regulatory T cells / Harald von Boehmer -- 4. B-cell antigen receptor signaling and autoimmunity / Esra Nutku-Bilir, Aimee E. Pugh-Bernard, Stephen Gauld, Kevin Merrell and John C. Cambier -- 5. Macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis / Peter L. E. M. van Lent and Wim B. van den Berg -- 6. Dendritic cells / Viviana Lutzky and Ranjeny Thomas -- 7. Osteoclasts / Georg Schett and Kurt Redlich -- 8. Cell contact dependence of inflammatory events / Danielle Burger, Jean-Michel Dayer and Nicolas Molnarfi -- 9. Toll-like receptors: possible targets for novel treatments for rheumatoid arthritis / Constantinos Brikos and Luke A. J. O'Neill -- 10. Cadherin-11 mediates synovial lining organization: a new therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis / Erika H. Noss and Michael B. Brenner -- 11. TNF-[alpha] / Marc Feldmann and Ravinder N. Maini -- 12. Update on interleukin-6 / Norihiro Nishimoto and Tadamitsu Kishimoto -- 13. Interleukin-13 / Marion T. Kasaian and Mary Collins -- 14. Biology of interleukin-15 / Iain B. McInnes, Foo Y. Liew and J. Alastair Gracie -- 15. Interleukin-17: a new target in arthritis / Pierre Miossec, Myew-Ling Toh and Saloua Zrioual -- 16. The role of interleukin-18 in inflammation / Charles A. Dinarello -- 17. Interleukin-21 / Rosanne Spolski and Warren J. Leonard -- 18. The biology of human interleukin-32 / Charles A. Dinarello and Soo-Hyun Kim -- 19. The interferons / Lars Edvard Ronnblom, Maija-Leena Eloranta and Gunnar Alm -- 20. Osteoprotegerin / Allison R. Pettit and Ellen M. Gravallese -- 21. Update: inflammatory, angiogenic, and homeostatic chemokines and their receptors / Zoltan Szekanecz and Alisa Erika Koch -- 22. New developments in NF-[kappa]B / Keith Brown, Estefania Claudio and Ulrich K. Siebenlist -- 23. Roles of the JAK-STAT signaling pathways in rheumatoid arthritis / Bradley J. Bloom, Sam Zwillich, Anthony Milici and Paul Changelian -- 24. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins as therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis / Paul John Egan, Peter K. Wong and Ian P. Wicks -- 25. Wnt signaling for targeted therapies in rheumatology / Kathleen T. Rousche, Dolores Baksh and Rocky S. Tuan -- 26. Inflammatory mediators: update on cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin synthases / Leslie J. Crofford, Mohit Kapoor and Fumiaki Kojima -- 27. Complement and pregnancy loss / Jane E. Salmon and V. Michael Holers -- 28. Matrix metalloproteinases / Thomas Pap, Steffen Gay and Georg Schett -- 29. MMPs and ADAMs as targets for therapies in arthritis / Hideaki Nagase, Gillian Murphy and Andrew Parker -- 30. Update on proinflammatory cytokine blockade in rheumatoid arthritis / Ferdinand C. Breedveld -- 31. Targeting interleukin-1 in rheumatic diseases / Cem Gabay and William P. Arend -- 32. Update on targeted therapy in psoriatic arthritis / Philip J. Mease -- 33. Spondyloarthritides / Joachim Sieper and Jurgen Braun -- 34. Early arthritis / Paul Emery and Sally Cox -- 35. Juvenile arthritis / Patricia Woo -- 36. Update -- systemic lupus erythematosus / Bevra Hannahs Hahn and Sonwoo Lee -- 37. Vasculitis / Gary S. Hoffman, Leonard H. Calabrese and Carol A. Langford -- 38. Myositis / Frederick W. Miller -- 39. TNF blockade in orphan rheumatic diseases / Michael Voulgarelis and Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos -- 40. Overview of the safety of TNF inhibitors / Arthur Kavanaugh and John J. Cush -- 41. Anti-CD20 to further targeted therapies in rheumatology / Kristine P. Ng and David A. Isenberg -- 42. Targeting B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) in immune-based rheumatic diseases: a therapeutic promise waiting to be fulfilled / William Stohl -- 43. Anti-CD3 antibody -- a history of successful immune interventions / Damien Bresson and Matthias von Herrath -- 44. Alefacept / Thomas A. Luger -- 45. Clinical targeting of interleukin-15 / Iain B. McInnes and Foo Y. Liew -- 46. Clinical prospects of MAPK inhibitors / Susan E. Sweeney and Gary S. Firestein -- 47. Clinical prospects of NF-[kappa]B inhibitors to further targeted therapies in rheumatology / Stefan K. Drexler, Jeremy J. O. Turner and Brian M. Foxwell -- 48. Outcomes assessment in rheumatic disease / Daniel Aletaha and Josef S. Smolen.