Factors and Processes Affecting Delta Levee System Vulnerability
[Article]
Deverel, Steven J.; Bachand, Sandra; Brandenberg, Scott J.; Jones, Cathleen E.; Stewart, Jonathan P.; Zimmaro, Paolo
We appraised factors and processes related to human activities and high water, subsidence, and seismicity. Farming and drainage of peat soils caused subsidence, which contributed to levee internal failures. Subsidence rates decreased with time, but still contributed to levee instability. Modeling changes in seepage and static slope instability suggests an increased probability of failure with decreasing peat thickness. Additional data is needed to assess the spatial and temporal effects of subsidence from peat thinning and deformation. Large-scale, state investment in levee upgrades (>
00 million since the mid-1970s) has increased conformance with applicable standards; however, accounts conflict about corresponding reductions in the number of failures.
2016
San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science
14/4
Deverel, Steven J.; Bachand, Sandra; Brandenberg, Scott J.; Jones, Cathleen E.; Stewart, Jonathan P.; Zimmaro, Paolo