Township system. Township organization : history and change -- Township system : text and reality -- Township leaders : rational actors -- Bureaucratic governance : a mistake in rural governance -- Township reform. Reform of government organs streamlining type -- Reform of power reconstruction type -- Reform of relations reconstruction type -- Comparative research -- Dynamic, route, limitation and trend for township reform -- Township reconstructing. Reconstructing of modern town government system -- "Backward" mechanism or "anti-backward" mechanism -- interaction between central and local governments before and after the rural taxes and fees reform -- Pressure response type system's innovation -- interpreting from "Xian'an political reform" -- Xian'an political reform : incremental reform in system -- comprehensive supplementary reform research in Henggouqiao town of Xian'an -- From "supporting people" to "supporting public service" : the rural public service mechanism reform -- reform investigation of stations in Gaoqiao town of Xian'an District -- "Turning over baked cake" : township reform comment of Gucheng county -- "Family planning" : survey on a policy operation mechanism -- taking Xian'an District of Hubei Province as an example -- Efficiency priority : preliminary exploration of Anhui's township system reform route -- Use money to maintain operation : to build new mechanism of service-type government -- taking Hubei Xian'an as an example.