Neurophysiology -- Pharmacology of local anesthetics -- Pharmacology of vasoconstrictors -- Clinical action of specific agents -- The syringe -- The needle -- The cartridge -- Additional armamentarium -- Preparation of the armamentarium -- Physical and pschylogical evaluation -- Basic injection technique -- Anatomic considerations -- Techniques of maxillary anesthesia -- Techniques of mandibular anesthesia -- Supplemental injection techniques -- Anesthetic considerations in dental specialties -- Local complications -- Systemic complications -- Problems in achieving pain control -- Recent advances in local anesthesia -- Future trends in pain control -- Frequently asked questions -- Legal considerations.