Cover; The Multiple Realization Book; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; List of Figures and Tables; PART I: Whence Multiple Realization?; 1: Physicalism and Multiple Realization; 1 Post-Cartesian Physicalism; 2 Functionalism and Explanation in Psychology; 3 What Good Is Multiple Realization?; 2: Realization and Multiple Realization; 1 What Is Realization?; 2 Explanatory Realization Relations; 3 How Much Multiple Realization Is Enough?; 3: What Is Multiple Realization?; 1 Multiple Realization, Variation, and the Autonomy of Psychology
2 Putnam's Recipe and the Basic Recipe3 Multiple Realization and Cognitivism; 4 Varieties of Multiple Realizability; 4: Multiple Realization and Relevant Differences; 1 Relevant Differences; 2 Beyond Relevant Differences: The Official Recipe; 3 What Multiple Realization Is Not; PART II: The Evidence for Multiple Realizability; 5: Evidence for Multiple Realization: Neural Plasticity; 1 Evidence and Ambition; 2 Early Approaches to Evidence for Multiple Realization; 3 Situs Inversus Viscerum; 4 Neural Plasticity and Multiple Realization
3 Neural Computation and Medium Independence4 Methodological Considerations in Favor of Identity; PART III: After Multiple Realization; 9: Putnam's Revenge; 1 Taking Stock; 2 Unification, Individual Differences, and Convergence; 3 Heuristics, Abstraction, and Idealization; 4 Kind Splitting; 10: Mental Causation and the Autonomy of Psychology; 1 Multiple Realization and Descartes' Revenge; 2 Explanatory Exclusion and the Autonomy of Psychology; 3 Explanation and Ontology; 4 Intervention and Actual Autonomy; 5 Identity and Explanation in the Mind-Brain Sciences
6 The Special Sciences ReconsideredGuide for Teaching and Learning; General Background; Chapter 1; Additional reading; Chapter 2; Additional reading; Chapter 3; Additional reading; Chapter 4; Additional reading; Chapter 5; Additional reading; Chapter 6; Additional reading; Chapter 7; Additional reading; Chapter 8; Additional reading; Chapter 9; Additional reading; Chapter 10; Additional reading; References; Index
6: Evidence for Multiple Realization: Kind Splitting and Comparative Evidence1 Memory and Kind Splitting; 2 Cone Opsins and Trichromacy; 3 Comparative Evidence for Multiple Realization: Octopuses and Birds; 4 Direct and Indirect Evidence for Multiple Realization; 7: The Likelihood of Multiple Realizability; 1 Evidence for Multiple Realization; 2 Evidence and Likelihood; 3 Equipotentiality; 4 Convergent Evolution; 5 Machine Minds; 8: The Computationalist Argument for Multiple Realizability; 1 Computational Explanation and Task Analysis; 2 Abstractness and Multiple Realizability
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Thomas W. Polger and Lawrence A. Shapiro provide a full investigation of multiple realisation - the idea that minds can be realised in ways other than the human brain. They cast doubt on the hypothesis and give an alternative framework for understanding explanations in the cognitive sciences, and in chemistry, biology, and related fields.