Congenital heart disease in adolescents and adults
Includes bibliographical references.
Intro; Preface to the Series; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease; Part I: Heart Failure in ACHD; 1: Incidence and Prevalence of Heart Failure in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Definition of Heart Failure, Prevalence, and Incidence; 1.3 Scope of the Problem; 1.4 Summary and Outlook; References; 2: Pathophysiology and Causes of Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Pathophysiology of Heart Failure; 2.2.1 Left Ventricular Dysfunction; 2.2.2 Right Ventricular Dysfunction.
2.2.2.1 Metabolic Adaptations to Pressure Overload2.2.2.2 Metabolic Response to Chronic Volume Overload; 2.2.2.3 Ischemia; 2.2.2.4 Neurohormonal Activation; 2.2.3 Mechanical and Functional Interdependence Between the RV and LV; 2.2.4 Diastolic Dysfunction; 2.3 Causes of Heart Failure in Congenital Heart Disease; 2.3.1 Genetics; 2.3.2 Hemodynamic Sequelae of Congenital Heart Disease; 2.3.3 Myocardial Fibrosis; 2.3.4 Cyanosis; 2.3.5 Ischemia; 2.3.6 Arrhythmia; 2.3.7 Acquired Heart Disease; 2.4 Clinical Scenarios of Heart Failure in Congenital Heart Disease; References.
3: Definition and Diagnosis of Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease3.1 Introduction; 3.2 General Definitions Considered; 3.3 Diagnostic Criteria Used in Existing Publications; 3.4 Criteria Used in ACHD Studies; 3.5 Diagnostic Challenges in ACHD; 3.6 The Heart Failure Continuum; 3.7 Additional Considerations; 3.7.1 Fontan Failure; 3.7.2 Advanced Heart Failure; 3.8 Diagnostic Tools for Heart Failure in ACHD; 3.8.1 Symptoms; 3.8.2 Electrocardiography; 3.8.3 Chest X-Ray; 3.8.4 Echocardiogram; 3.8.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and CT Scanning.
4.3.1 Clinical Signs of Heart Failure4.3.2 Oxygen Saturation; 4.4 Electrocardiography and Holter Monitoring; 4.5 Transthoracic Echocardiography; 4.5.1 Systolic Ventricular Function; 4.5.2 Ventricular and Atrial Dilatation; 4.5.3 Shunt Lesions and Valve Disease; 4.5.4 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; 4.5.5 Novel Echocardiographic Techniques; 4.6 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 4.6.1 Ventricular Function and Volumes; 4.6.2 Myocardial Fibrosis; 4.6.3 Deformation Imaging; 4.7 Cardiac Computed Tomography; 4.8 Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing; 4.8.1 Peak Oxygen Uptake.
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This book sheds new light on the diagnosis and treatment of Heart Failure in adult patients with congenital heart disease. This is a rapidly growing clinical issue for this group of patients and the clinical teams caring for them. The book highlights the major clinical dilemmas in diagnosing heart failure in patients with a lifelong cardiac condition and describes in details the utility of biomarkers, complex imaging and functional tests, e.g. the cardiopulmonary exercise testing. A step-wise approach to treatment is described from drug therapy through to devices and transplantation. As such, the book offers an essential guide for cardiologists and cardiac surgeons looking to optimize the management of patients with delicate physiology and complex disease.