Intro; Foreword; Contents; Contributors; 1: Fundamentals; 1.1 Basic Principles; 1.1.1 Ultrasound Wave Properties; 1.1.2 Interactions Between US and Anatomical Structures; 1.1.3 Images Formation; 1.1.4 Artefacts; 1.2 Doppler and Sonoelastographic Imaging; 1.2.1 Doppler Imaging; 1.2.1.1 Signal Processing; 1.2.2 Sonoelastography (SEL); 1.2.2.1 Elasticity: Basics Principles; 1.2.2.2 Modalities; 1.2.2.3 Technical Considerations; 1.3 Normal Anatomy; 1.3.1 Peripheral Nerves; 1.3.2 Technique for Ultrasonographic Imaging of Peripheral Nerves; Suggested Readings.
2.3.1.4 Medial and Anterior Sides of the Arm2.3.1.5 Medial Elbow and Forearm; 2.3.1.6 Wrist: Carpal Tunnel; 2.3.1.7 Palm and Fingers; 2.3.2 Ulnar Nerve; 2.3.2.1 Ulnar Nerve: Anatomy; 2.3.2.2 Ulnar Nerve: Topographic Anatomy; 2.3.2.3 Ulnar Nerve: Technique; 2.3.2.4 Medial and Posterior Sides of the Arm; 2.3.2.5 Posterior Elbow: Cubital Tunnel; 2.3.2.6 Wrist: Guyon's Canal; 2.3.3 Radial Nerve; 2.3.3.1 Radial Nerve: Anatomy; 2.3.3.2 Radial Nerve: Topographic Anatomy; 2.3.3.3 Radial Nerve: Technique; 2.3.3.4 Posterolateral Side of the Arm; 2.3.3.5 Lateral Elbow; 2.3.3.6 Forearm.
2.3.3.7 Lateral Side of the Wrist2.4 Lower Limb Peripheral Nerves; 2.4.1 Lumbar Plexus; 2.4.1.1 Anatomy; 2.4.1.2 US Exam; 2.4.2 Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve; 2.4.2.1 Anatomy; 2.4.2.2 US Exams; 2.4.3 Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerves; 2.4.3.1 Anatomy; 2.4.3.2 US Exams; 2.4.4 Femoral Nerve; 2.4.4.1 Anatomy; 2.4.4.2 US Exams; 2.4.5 Saphenous Nerve; 2.4.5.1 Anatomy; 2.4.5.2 US Exams; 2.4.6 Obturator Nerve; 2.4.6.1 Anatomy; 2.4.6.2 US Exams; 2.4.7 Sciatic Nerve; 2.4.7.1 Anatomy; 2.4.7.2 US Exams; 2.4.8 Common Peroneal Nerve; 2.4.8.1 Anatomy; Common Peroneal Nerve.
2.4.8.2 Deep Peroneal Nerve2.4.8.3 Superficial Peroneal Nerve; 2.4.8.4 US Exam; Common Peroneal Nerve; Deep Peroneal Nerve; Superficial Peroneal Nerve; 2.4.9 Tibial Nerve; 2.4.9.1 Anatomy; 2.4.9.2 US Exam; 2.4.10 Sural Nerve; 2.4.10.1 Anatomy; 2.4.10.2 US Exam; 2.4.11 Interdigital Nerve; 2.4.11.1 Anatomy; 2.4.11.2 US Exam; Suggested Readings; 3: US Pathologic Findings; 3.1 Compressive/Entrapment Syndromes; 3.2 Traumatic Injuries; 3.3 Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions; Suggested Readings; 4: Nerve Entrapment Syndromes; 4.1 Physiopathologic Findings; 4.1.1 Definition.
2: Normal US Anatomy and Scanning Technique2.1 Ultrasonography: Basic Principles and Techniques; 2.1.1 Ultrasound of Normal Nerves; 2.1.1.1 Ultrasound: Scanning Technique; 2.2 Brachial Plexus; 2.2.1 Anatomy; 2.2.2 Topographic Anatomy; 2.2.3 Brachial Plexus: Technique; 2.2.4 The Paravertebral Region; 2.2.5 The Interscalene Region; 2.2.6 The Supraclavear Region; 2.2.7 Retropectoral and Infraclavicular/Axillary Regions; 2.3 Upper Limb Peripheral Nerves; 2.3.1 Median Nerve; 2.3.1.1 Median Nerve: Anatomy; 2.3.1.2 Medial Nerve: Topographic Anatomy; 2.3.1.3 Median Nerve: Technique.
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This book offers a comprehensive but straightforward, practical handbook on ultrasound (US)-guided nerve blocks. It presents the normal US anatomy of peripheral nerves, clinical aspects of nerve entrapment and different procedures / techniques for each block. Axial or peripheral chronic radicular pain can be particularly severe and debilitating for the patient. The aim of treatment is to provide medium-/ long-term pain relief, and consequently to restore function. The therapeutic nerve block, performed with a perineural injection of anaesthetic, steroid or painkiller, is generally used once conservative treatments have proven unsuccessful and is aimed to avoid surgical options. Ultrasound guidance, offering the direct and real-time visualization of the needle and adjacent relevant anatomic structures, significantly increases the accuracy and safety of nerve blocks reducing the risk of intraneural or intravascular injection and the potential damage to the surrounding structures, but also enhances the efficacy of the block itself, reducing its onset and drug doses. This practical volume addresses the needs of physicians dealing with pain management, e.g. anaesthesiologists, radiologists, orthopaedists and physiatrists, with various levels of experience, ranging from physicians in training to those who already perform peripheral nerve blocks with traditional techniques and who want to familiarize with US guided procedures.