Intro; Preface; Contents; 1: High-Level Story: Data Analysis in Multimodal Preclinical Imaging-Methods and Tools; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Software Options; 1.3 Extraction of Data for Quantitation; 1.3.1 Preprocessing; 1.3.1.1 Transforms; Linear; Nonlinear; 1.3.1.2 Similarity Metrics; 1.3.1.3 Image Registration Pitfalls; MR-Based Susceptibility Artifact Correction; Application of Image Registration for Quantitative Extraction; PET/SPECT Dopamine Example; 1.3.2 Atlases; 1.3.2.1 Multi-atlas Segmentation; 1.3.2.2 Brain Region Segmentation Without Soft Tissue Contrast
1.4 Combining Multimodal Data to Provide a Comprehensive Picture1.4.1 Image Fusion Visualization; 1.4.1.1 Volume Rendering; 1.5 Applications of Preclinical Image Fusion; 1.5.1 Cryofluoresence Tomography (CFT); 1.5.2 Integration of Multimodal Imaging with Machine Learning; 1.6 Conclusion; References; 2: Instrumentation Challenges in (S)PE(C)T Systems; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Instrumentation in PET; 2.2.1 Basic Components of a Preclinical PET Module; 2.2.2 Event Positioning; 2.2.3 Readout Strategies; 2.2.4 Focus on MRI-Driven Developments
2.2.5 Performance Evaluation for Preclinical PET2.3 Instrumentation in SPECT; 2.3.1 Overview of Instrumentation Advances; 2.3.2 Scintillation Versus Direct Conversion; 2.3.3 Focus on Collimation; 2.3.4 Rotating Versus Stationary SPECT Systems; 2.3.5 Multimodality Systems; 2.4 Summary; References; 3: Influence of Animal Handling and Housing on Multimodality Imaging; 3.1 Introduction: History and Hardware; 3.2 Imaging Chambers: Early Development; 3.3 Imaging Chambers: Second-Generation Development; 3.4 Imaging Chambers: Future Development; 3.5 Image Fusion and Analysis
3.6 Handling and Housing Factors3.6.1 Acute Imaging Factors; 3.6.2 Chronic Imaging-Related Factors; 3.7 Summary; References; 4: Multimodal Optoacoustic Imaging; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Optical Imaging; 4.1.2 Alexander Graham Bell and the Discovery of the Optoacoustic (Photoacoustic) Effect; 4.1.3 The Case for Optoacoustic Imaging: Listening to Light; 4.2 Basic Principles; 4.2.1 Initial Pressure Generation; 4.2.2 Optoacoustic Wave Equation and Forward Solution; 4.2.3 Optoacoustic Frequencies; 4.2.4 Acoustic Attenuation; 4.2.5 Tomographic Reconstruction Techniques
This book provides an accessible and comprehensive overview of the state of the art in multimodal, multiparametric preclinical imaging, covering all the modalities used in preclinical research. The role of different combinations of PET, CT, MR, optical, and optoacoustic imaging methods is examined and explained for a range of applications, from research in oncology, neurology, and cardiology to drug development. Examples of animal studies are highlighted in which multimodal imaging has been pivotal in delivering otherwise unobtainable information. Hardware and software image registration methods and animal-specific factors are also discussed. The readily understandable text is enhanced by numerous informative illustrations that help the reader to appreciate the similarities to, but also the differences from, clinical applications. Image Fusion in Preclinical Applications will be of interest to all who wish to learn more about the use of multimodal/multiparametric imaging as a tool for in vivo investigations in preclinical medical and pharmaceutical research.