Intro; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Introduction. Volume 2; General Principles Regarding Pediatric Orthopedic Deformity; Implications of the General Principles of Deformity; 1: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip; 1.1 Terminology; 1.1.1 Change in Terminology; 1.2 Development of the Hip: Embryonic and Fetal Periods; 1.2.1 Earliest Developmental Biology of the Hip. Chick Embryo Studies; 1.2.2 General Aspects of Human Hip Development; 1.2.2.1 Origin of Limb Bud; 1.2.2.2 Acetabular Labrum and Transverse Acetabular Ligament; 1.2.2.3 Joint Capsule and Synovium; 1.2.2.4 Joint Cavity
1.2.2.5 Retinacula of Weitbrecht1.2.2.6 Ligamentum Teres; 1.2.2.7 Extra-articular ligaments; 1.2.2.8 Skeleton; 1.2.2.9 Summary; 1.2.3 Embryonic, Fetal, and Postnatal Development of the Femur; 1.2.4 Embryonic, Fetal, and Postnatal Development of the Acetabulum; 1.2.5 Embryonic, Fetal, and Postnatal Development of the Acetabular Labrum (Glenoid of the Hip); 1.3 Primary Etiologies of Hip Maldevelopment; 1.4 Etiology and Pathoanatomy of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip; 1.4.1 Early Clinical-Pathoanatomic Descriptions; 1.4.1.1 Palleta, 1788; 1.4.1.2 Dupuytren, 1826
1.4.1.20 Additional Pathoanatomic Studies1.4.2 Later Clinical-Pathoanatomic Descriptions; 1.4.2.1 Fairbank, 1930; 1.4.2.2 Leveuf, 1947; 1.4.2.3 Badgley, 1949; 1.4.2.4 Howorth and Associates; 1.4.3 Subsequent Clinical-Pathoanatomic Descriptions with Emphasis on Early Capsular Laxity; 1.4.3.1 Scaglietti and Calandriello, 1962; 1.4.3.2 Stanisavljevic, 1964; 1.4.3.3 Salter, 1968; 1.4.3.4 Trevor, 1968; 1.4.3.5 Dunn, 1969; 1.4.3.6 McKibbin, 1970, and Ralis and McKibbin, 1973; 1.4.3.7 Milgram and Tachdjian, 1976; 1.4.3.8 Walker, 1980-1983, and Walker and Goldsmith, 1981
1.4.1.3 Sedillot, 18351.4.1.4 Pravaz, 1847; 1.4.1.5 Cruveilhier, 1849; 1.4.1.6 Carnochan, 1850; 1.4.1.7 Roser, 1864 and 1879; 1.4.1.8 Verneuil, 1866; 1.4.1.9 Reclus, 1878; 1.4.1.10 Brodhurst, 1876; 1.4.1.11 Summary of Theories of Causation in the Nineteenth Century (Reeves, 1885); 1.4.1.12 Sainton, 1893; 1.4.1.13 Kirmisson, 1894; 1.4.1.14 Developing Awareness of Teratologic Congenital Hip Dislocation: Examples Assessed in the Fetus and Newborn; 1.4.1.15 Clarke, 1896; 1.4.1.16 Bilhaut, 1896; 1.4.1.17 Keetley, 1900; 1.4.1.18 Le Damany, 1904; 1.4.1.19 Bennett, 1908
1.4.3.9 Ponseti, 1978, and Ippolito et al., 19801.4.3.10 Somerville, 1982; 1.4.3.11 More Recent Pathoanatomic Findings; 1.4.4 Multifactorial Causes of DDH Involving Late-Stage Structural Modifications of the Hip, Mesenchymal Tissue Abnormalities, and Intrauterine Mechanical Stresses due to Positioning (Wilkinson, Dunn, Seringe et al.); 1.4.4.1 Overview; 1.4.4.2 Intrinsic Causes; 1.4.4.3 Extrinsic Causes; 1.5 Experimental Reproduction of Hip Dislocation; 1.5.1 Developmental Changes in the Acetabulum Following Experimental Displacement of the Femoral Head During Early Growth
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Volume 2 of this comprehensive and state-of-the-art text on pediatric orthopedic deformities focuses on conditions of the lower extremity. Developmental disorders of the hip - developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCP), coxa vara including slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) - the knee, the ankle and foot, as well as rotational and angular deformities of the lower limb are discussed in detail. Presentation for each deformity includes: definition, detailed review of the pathoanatomy, experimental biological investigations (where applicable), natural history, review of the evolution of diagnostic and treatment techniques, results achieved with the various approaches, and current management approaches with detailed descriptions of surgical technique. Extensive illustrations, figures and photos provide clear visual depictions of the range of deformity for the various disorders, underlying histopathology, imaging findings and treatment approaches. Multiple tables provide concentrated information, especially for the treatment options based on the severity of the particular disorder and deformity. Based on a solid understanding of the underlying pathobiology of deformities of the developing musculoskeletal system, this second volume of Pediatric Orthopedic Deformities provides a penetrating, in-depth presentation on the lower extremity for pediatric orthopedic surgeons, adult orthopedic surgeons seeking a deeper understanding of how deformities developed, and all clinicians caring for pediatric patients with developmental deformities.