Part I: Measurements of Phototropism 1. Physiological Characterization of Phototropism in Arabidopsis Seedlings Ken Haga and Taro Kimura 2. Assessing Negative and Positive Phototropism in Lianas Shogo Kato 3. Determination of Phototropism and Polarotropism in Fern Protonemal Cells Masamitsu Wada 4. Assays of Protonemal Growth Responses in Physcomitrella patens under Blue- and Red-light Stimuli Sho Miyazaki, Masatoshi Nakajima, and Hiroshi Kawaide 5. An Experimental System for Examining Phototropic Response of Gametophytic Shoots in the Moss Physcomitrella patens Liang Bao, Kotaro T. Yamamoto, and Tomomichi Fujita 6. Observation of Phototropic Responses in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha Aino Komatsu, Ryuichi Nishihama, and Takayuki Kohchi 7. Measurement of Phototropism of the Sporangiophore of Phycomyces blakesleeanus Luis M. Corrochano and Paul Galland 8. Quantitative Analysis of Tip Growth, Phototropic Responses and Other Blue Light-Dependent Photoresponses of Vaucheria Hironao Kataoka 9. A Simple Procedure to Observe Phototropic Responses in the Red Seaweed Pyropia yezonensis Megumu Takahashi and Koji Mikami 10. Determination of Phototropism by UV-B Radiation Lucas Vanhaelewyn, Dominique Van Der Straeten, and Filip Vandenbussche Part II: Analysis of Auxin 11. New-Generation Chemical Tools for the Manipulation of Auxin Biosynthesis, Action, and Transport Kosuke Fukui and Ken-ichiro Hayashi 12. Determination of Auxin Flow during Phototropic Responses Using Fluorescent Auxin Analogs Tatsuya Sakai 13. Immunolocalization of IAA Using an Anti-IAA-C Antibody Raised against Carboxyl-Linked IAA Takeshi Nishimura and Tomokazu Koshiba Part III: Miscellaneous Methods 14. Measurements of Photoreaction and Kinase Activity of Phototropin, a Photoreceptor Protein for Tropic Response in Plants; Involvement of Kinase Activity in the Photosensitivity of Tropic Response Koji Okajima and Satoru Tokutomi 15. Cytoskeleton Observation in Phototropism and Polarotropism of Adiantum Protonema Masamitsu Wada 16. Grafting as a Tool for Study of Phototropism in Phycomyces Atsushi Miyazaki and Tamotsu Ootaki 17. Preparation of a Spaceflight Experiment to Study Tropisms in Arabidopsis Seedlings on the International Space Station Joshua P. Vandenbrink and John Z. Kiss 18. How to Investigate the Role of the Actin-Myosin Cytoskeleton in Organ Straightening Haruko Ueda and Ikuko Hara-Nishimura 19. Quantitative Measurements of Curvature along the Growth Axis in Tropic Responses Using Free Software Environments Kotaro T. Yamamoto and Ken Haga.