Fundamentals and applications of heavy ion collisions :
[Book]
below 10 MeV/nucleon energies /
R. Prasad, B.P. Singh.
Cambridge, United Kingdom :
Cambridge University Press,
[2018]
1 online resource (xxiv, 294 pages) :
illustrations
Includes bibliographical references (pages 273-290) and index.
Cover; Fundamentals and Applications of Heavy Ion Collisions; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Figures; Tables; Preface; Acknowledgements; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Background; 1.1.1 Artificial radioactivity; 1.1.2 Neutron era; 1.2 Classification of Ions and Research with Accelerated Light Ions; 1.3 Accelerated Heavy Ions; 1.4 Special Features of Heavy Ions; 1.5 Motivation for this Book; Chapter 2: Theoretical Tools, Reaction Mechanism and Computer Codes; 2.1 Complete Fusion of Heavy Ions; 2.1.1 Hauser-Feshbach formalism for spinless particles; 2.1.2 Level width and level separation
2.1.3 Evaporation spectra2.1.4 Width fluctuation correction; 2.1.5 Effective transmission coefficients; 2.1.6 De-excitation sequence of the compound nucleus; 2.2 The Pre-equilibrium Emission in Statistical Nuclear Reactions; 2.2.1 The exciton model; 2.2.2 The Harp-Miller-Berne (HMB) model; 2.2.3 The hybrid model; 2.2.4 The intra-nuclear cascade model; 2.2.5 The totally quantum mechanical model of pre-equilibrium emission; 2.3 The Incomplete Fusion of Heavy Ions; 2.3.1 The hot spot model; 2.3.2 The promptly-emitted particles (PEPs) model; 2.3.3 The sum rule model
2.3.4 Breakup fusion model (BUF)2.4 Computer Codes; 2.4.1 Computer code PACE 4; 2.4.2 Computer code CASCADE; 2.4.3 Computer codes GNASH and McGNASH; 2.4.4 Computer code ALICE 91 and ALICE IPPE; 2.4.5 The computer code EMPIRE; Chapter 3: Experimental Details and Formulations; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Formulations for Measuring Cross-section; 3.3 Experimental Details; 3.3.1 Off-beam experiments; 3.3.2 Pelletron accelerator at the IUAC, New Delhi; 3.3.3 Experimental details for the measurement of excitation functions; 3.4 Target Preparation; 3.5 Sample Irradiation by HI Beam
3.6 Post-irradiation Analysis3.6.1 Calibration of HPGe detector and efficiency measurement; 3.6.2 Identification of reaction residues; 3.7 Measurement of Recoil Range Distribution (RRD) of Heavy Residues; 3.7.1 Target and catcher foil preparation for RRD measurements; 3.8 Measurement of Angular Distribution of Residues; 3.9 In-beam Experiments; 3.9.1 Target preparation; 3.9.2 Experimental setup used; 3.9.3 The gamma detector array (GDA) setup; 3.9.4 Charged particle detector array (CPDA) setup; 3.9.5 Irradiations for spin distribution measurement; Chapter 4: Measurements
4.1 Measurement of Excitation Functions and their Analysis4.1.1 Reactions initiated by 12C beam; 4.1.2 Reactions initiated by 13C beam; 4.1.3 Reactions initiated by 14N beam; 4.1.4 Reactions initiated by 16O beam; 4.1.5 Reactions initiated by 18O beam; 4.1.6 Reactions initiated by 19F beam; 4.2 Measurement of Recoil Range Distributions (RRD) and their Analysis; 4.2.1 Recoil range distribution for the system 12C+159Tb; 4.2.2 Recoil range distribution for the system 16O+159Tb; 4.2.3 Recoil range distribution for the system 16O+169Tm; 4.2.4 Recoil range distribution for the system 16O+181Ta
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An up-to-date text, covering the concept of incomplete fusion (ICF) in heavy ion (HI) interactions at energies below 10 MeV/ nucleon. Important concepts including the exciton model, the Harp Miller and Berne model, Hybrid model, Sum rule model, Hot spot model and promptly emitted particles model are covered in depth. It studies the ICF and PE-emission in heavy ion reactions at low energies using off-beam and in-beam experimental techniques. Theories of complete fusion (CF) of heavy ions based on Compound Nucleus (CN) mechanism of statistical nuclear reactions, details of the Computer code PACE4 based on CN mechanism, pre-equilibrium (PE) emission, modeling of (ICF) and their limits of application are discussed in detail.
Fundamentals and applications of heavy ion collisions.