Assumptions and Approaches -- Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Long-Distance Transport -- Respiration -- Long-Distance Transport of Assimilates -- Plant Water Relations -- Leaf Energy Budgets: Effects of Radiation and Temperature -- Effects of Radiation and Temperature -- Scaling-Up Gas Exchange and Energy Balance from the Leaf to the Canopy Level -- Mineral Nutrition -- Growth and Allocation -- Life Cycles: Environmental Influences and Adaptations -- Biotic Influences -- Ecological Biochemistry: Allelopathy and Defense Against Herbivores -- Effects of Microbial Pathogens -- Parasitic Associations -- Interactions Among Plants -- Carnivory -- Role in Ecosystem and Global Processes -- Ecosystem and Global Processes: Ecophysiological Controls.