El azima: Arab women, Islam, and power. How personal power is developed, experienced, and expressed by Bahraini Muslim women
[Thesis]
Dana AlShirawi
Wade, Jenny
Sofia University
2016
182
Committee members: Heery, Myrtle; Judy, Dwight
Place of publication: United States, Ann Arbor; ISBN=978-1-369-43995-3
Ph.D.
Residential Clinical Psychology
Sofia University
2016
The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore how personal power is developed, experienced, and expressed by empowered Bahraini Muslim women. Participants in the study consisted of 24 female leaders ranging in age from 34 to 70 years, who scored positively on the General Self-Efficacy Scale, Self-Determination Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale used to measure degrees of personal power. The qualitative study utilized semi-structured interview transcripts that were thematically analyzed. Major findings showed that Bahraini women leaders with personal power had childhoods that included supportive parents who prioritized education, encouraged the pursuit of higher education, and backed their professional career decisions. Strong fathers were found to be a critical factor in the cultivation of the women's sense of personal power and achievement. The study also found that these women exhibited specific personal power characteristics such as achievement, self-awareness and personal competency, a conception of power, and sense of duty to service. Additionally, the role of Islam and spirituality was found to be significant in the development of personal power for these women.