عنوان

NorFor - :

9086867189

9789086867189

b592215

NorFor - :

[Book]

the Nordic feed evaluation system.

Harald Volden

Dordrecht

Springer

2011

(171 pages)

European Association for Animal Production.

12. Prediction of milk yield, weight gain and utilisation of N, P and K.

NorFor --; The Nordic feed evaluation system; Table of contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; Glossary; 1. Introduction; References; 2. Overall model description; 3. Animal input characteristics.; 3.1 Input data for cows; 3.2 Input data for growing cattle; 3.2.1 Estimation of body weight and daily weight gain from a growth function; References; 4. Feed fraction characteristics; 4.1 Definition of roughage and concentrates; 4.2 Division of organic matter; 4.3 Crude protein fractions and amino acids; 4.4 Carbohydrate fractions; 4.5 Crude fat and fatty acids; 4.6 Fermentation products; 4.7 Minerals. 4.8 VitaminsReferences; 5. Feed analyses and digestion methods; 5.1 Feed analyses; 5.1.1 Dry matter in roughage; 5.1.2 Crude protein; 5.1.3 Soluble crude protein; 5.2 Digestion methods used to predict digestion of nutrients; 5.2.1 Organic matter digestibility; 5.2.2 In sacco rumen degradation of crude protein, NDF and starch; 5.2.3 Indigestible NDF; 5.2.4 Indigestible crude protein and indigestible starch; References; 6. Feed calculations in NorFor; 6.1 Calculation of kdNDF in roughage; 6.2 Calculation of the fill value in roughage. 6.3 Calculation of fractional degradation rate (kd) in feed mixtures6.4 Cation-anion difference; References; 7. Digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract; 7.1 Rumen; 7.1.1 Rumen fractional passage rates; 7.1.2 Rumen degradation of crude protein; 7.1.3 Rumen degradation of carbohydrates; 7.1.4 Rumen metabolism of crude fat and fermentation products; 7.1.5 Effective rumen degradability; 7.1.6 Microbial efficiency and chemical composition; 7.1.7 Protein balance in the rumen; 7.2. Small intestine; 7.2.1 Digestion of dietary protein, amino acids, starch and fatty acids. 7.2.2 Digestion of microbial protein, amino acids, starch and fatty acids7.2.3 Flow and digestion of endogenous protein in the small intestine; 7.3 Large intestine; 7.4 Total tract digestion; 7.5 Implications; References; 8. Energy and metabolizable protein supply; 8.1 Metabolizable and net energy supply; 8.2 Metabolizable protein supply; 8.3 Implications; References; 9. Animal requirements and recommendations; 9.1 Energy; 9.1.1 Maintenance; 9.1.2 Lactation; 9.1.3 Gestation; 9.1.4 Growth; 9.1.5 Mobilization and deposition; 9.2 Protein; 9.2.1 Maintenance; 9.2.2 Lactation. 9.2.4 Mobilization and deposition9.2.5 Gestation; 9.3 PBVN; 9.4 Rumen load index; 9.5 Chewing time; 9.6 Intake capacity; 9.7 Fatty acids; 9.8 Minerals; 9.8.1 Macro minerals; 9.8.2 Micro minerals; 9.8.3 Cation anion difference; 9.9 Vitamins; References; 10. Prediction of voluntary feed intake; 10.1. Dairy cows; 10.2 Growing cattle; 10.3 Implications; References; 11. Chewing index system for predicting physical structure of the diet; 11.1 Predicting the chewing index from eating and rumination; 11.2 Calculation of the eating and rumination indices; 11.3 Implications; References.

NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on mode.

Animal feeding.

Animal nutrition -- Mathematical models.

Feeds.

Harald Volden

Harald Volden

[Book]

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