1 Basic Concepts, Tasks, and Organization of Quality and Reliability Assurance --; 2 Reliability Analysis --; 3 Selection and Qualification of Electronic Components --; 4 Maintainability Analysis During the Design Phase, Design Guidelines for Maintainability --; 5 Software Quality Assurance --; 6. Reliability and Availability --; 7 Statistical Quality Control and Reliability Tests --; 8 Quality and Reliability Assurance During the Production Phase --; A1 Terms and Definitions --; A2 Quality and Reliability Standards --; A2.1 Introduction --; A2.2 Requirements in the Aerospace and Defense Field --; A2.3 Requirements in the Industrial Field --; A3 Quality and Reliability Assurance Program --; A3.1 Checklist for the Preparation of a Quality and Reliability Assurance Program --; A3.2 Elements of a Quality and Reliability Assurance Program --; A3.2.1 Project Organization, Planning and Scheduling --; A3.2.2 Quality and Reliability Requirements --; A3.2.3 Reliability and Safety Analysis --; A3.2.4 Selection and Qualification of Components, Materials and Manufacturing Processes --; A3.2.5 Configuration Management --; A3.2.6 Quality Tests --; A3.2.7 Quality Data Reporting System --; A4 Checklists for Design Reviews --; A4.1 System Design Review --; A4.2 Preliminary Design Reviews (assembly level) --; A4.3 Critical Design Review (system level) --; AS Requirements for Quality Data Reporting Systems --; A6 Basic Probability Theory --; A6.1 Field of Events --; A6.2 Concept of Probability --; A6.3 Conditional Probability, Independence --; A6.4 Fundamental Rules of Probability Theory --; A6.4.1 Addition Theorem for Mutually Exclusive Events --; A6.4.2 Multiplication Theorem for Two Independent Events --; A6.4.3 Multiplication Theorem for Arbitrary Events --; A6.4.4 Addition Theorem for Arbitrary Events --; A6.4.5 Theorem of Total Probability --; A6.5 Random Variables, Distribution Functions --; A6.6 Numerical Parameters of Random Variables --; A6.6.1 Expected Value (Mean) --; A6.6.2 Variance --; A6.6.3 Modal Value, Quantile, Median --; A6.7 Multidimensional Random Variables, Conditional Distributions --; A6.8 Numerical Parameters of Random Vectors --; A6.8.1 Covariance Matrix, Correlation Coefficient --; A6.8.2 Further Properties of Expected Value and Variance --; A6.10 Distribution Functions used in Reliability Analyses --; A6.10.1 Exponential Distribution --; A6.10.2 Weibull Distribution --; A6.10.4 Normal Distribution --; A6. I 0.5 Lognormal Distribution --; A6.10.6 Uniform Distribution --; A6.10.7 Binomial Distribution --; A6.10.8 Poisson Distribution --; A6.10.9 Geometric Distribution --; A6. 10.10 Hypergeometric Distribution --; A6.11 Limit Theorems --; A6.11.1 Law of Large Numbers --; A6.11.2 Central Limit Theorem --; A7 Basic Stochastic Process Theory --; A7.1 Introduction --; A7.2 Renewal Processes --; A7.2.1 Renewal Function, Renewal Density --; A7.2.2 Recurrence Times --; A7.2.3 Asymptotic Behavior --; A7.2.4 Stationary Renewal Processes --; A7.2.5 Poisson Processes --; A7.3 Alternating Renewal Processes --; A7.4 Regenerative Processes --; A7.5 Markov Processes with Finitely Many States --; A7.5.1 Markov Chains with Finitely Many States --; A7.5.2 Markov Processes with Finitely Many States --; A7.5.3 State Probabilities and Sojourn Times --; A7.5.3.1 Method of Differential Equations --; A7.5.3.2 Method of Integral Equations --; A7.5.3.3 Stationary State and Asymptotic Behavior --; A7.5.4 Birth and Death Process --; A7.6 Semi-Markov Processes with Finitely Many States --; A7.7 Semi-regenerative Processes --; A7.8 Nonregenerative Stochastic Processes --; A8 Basic Mathematical Statistics --; A8.I Empirical Methods --; A8.1.1 Empirical Distribution Function --; A8.1.2 Empirical Moments and Quantiles --; A8.1.3 Further Applications of the Empirical Distribution Function --; A8.2 Parameter Estimation --; A8.2.1 Point Estimation --; A8.2.2 Interval Estimation --; A8.2.2.1 Estimation of an Unknown Probability --; A8.3 Testing Statistical Hypotheses --; A8.3.1.1 Simple Two-sided Sampling Plan --; A8.3.1.2 Sequential Test --; A8.3.1 .3 Simple One-sided Sampling Plan --; A9 Tables and Charts --; A9.1 Normal Distribution (standard) --; A9.3 Student Distribution (t Distribution) --; A9.4 F Distribution --; A9.5 Table for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test --; A9.6 Gamma Function --; A9.7 Laplace Transform --; A9.8 Probability Charts --; A9.8.1 Lognormal Distribution Chart --; A9.8.2 Weibull Distribution Chart --; A9.8.3 Normal DistributionChart --; Acronyms --; References.
High reliability, maintainability, and safety are expected from complex equipment and systems. To build these characteristics into an item, failure rate and failure mode analyses have to be performed early in the design phase, starting at the com ponent level, and have to be supported by a set of design guidelines for reliability and maintainability as well as by extensive design reviews. Before production, qualification tests of prototypes must ensure that quality and reliability targets have been reached. In the production phase, processes and procedures have to be selec ted and monitored to assure the required quality level. For many systems, availabi lity requirements must also be satisfied. In these cases, stochastic processes can be used to investigate and optimize availability, including logistical support. This book presents the state of the art of the methods and procedures necessary for a cost and time effective quality and reliability assurance during the design and production of equipment and systems. It takes into consideration that: 1. Quality and reliability assurance of complex equipment and systems requires that all engineers involved in a project undertake a set of specific activities from the definition to the operating phase, which are performed concurrently to achieve the best performance, quality, and reliability for given cost and time schedule targets.