عنوان

Vertebrate Red Blood Cells :

3642839096

9783642839092

b574475

Vertebrate Red Blood Cells :

[Book]

Adaptations of Function to Respiratory Requirements

by Mikko Nikinmaa.

Berlin, Heidelberg

Springer Berlin Heidelberg

1990

(xii, 262 pages 47 illustrations)

Zoophysiology, 28.

1. Introduction --; 2. Erythropoiesis and the Control of Circulating Red Cell Number --; 2.1 Erythropoietic Sites --; 2.2 Mammalian Erythropoiesis --; 2.3 Erythropoiesis in Nonmammalian Vertebrates --; 2.4 Senescence of Red Blood Cells --; 2.5 Erythropoiesis-Independent Factors Increasing Circulating Red Cell Number --; 3. The Biosynthesis and Structure of Haemoglobin --; 3.1 Uptake of Iron into Erythroid Cells --; 3.2 Haem Synthesis --; 3.3 Globin Synthesis --; 3.4 Subunit Assembly of Haemoglobin --; 3.5 Haemoglobin Structure in Vertebrates --; 4. Structure of Circulating Red Cells --; 4.1 General Anatomy of the Cell --; 4.2 The Red Cell Membrane --; 5. Red Cells in Circulation: Factors Affecting Red Cell Shape and Deformability --; 5.1 Blood Viscosity --; 5.2 Deformability of Red Cells --; 6. Energy Metabolism and Regulation of Organic Phosphate Concentrations --; 6.1 Energy Consumption --; 6.2 Transport of Substrates into the Red Cells --; 6.3 Glycolysis --; 6.4 Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Glutathione Metabolism --; 6.5 Krebs Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation --; 6.6 Organic Phosphate Metabolism --; 6.7 Cellular Control of Red Cell Organic Phosphate Concentrations --; 7. Major Ion Transporting Pathways --; 7.1 Electrodiffusive Leak --; 7.2 Ion Channels --; 7.3 Anion Exchange --; 7.4 Ion Transport Coupled to Sodium or Potassium Gradient --; 7.5 Active Transport --; 7.6 Membrane Potential --; 8. Control of Volume and pH --; 8.1 The Basic Model: Control of Red Cell pH and Volume in the Absence of Significant Secondarily Active Transport --; 8.2 Mammalian Red Cells --; 8.3 Avian Red Cells --; 8.4 Reptilian Red Cells --; 8.5 Amphibian Red Cells --; 8.6 Fish Red Cells --; 9. Carbon Dioxide Transport --; 9.1 Distribution of Total Carbon Dioxide Content Between Red Cells and Plasma --; 9.2 Carbon Dioxide --; Bicarbonate Equilibria --; 9.3 Formation of Carbamino Compounds --; 9.4 Mechanisms of Carbon Dioxide Excretion --; 10. Oxygen Transport --; 10.1 Haemoglobin-Oxygen Equilibria --; Basic Principles --; 10.2 Methods for Determining Blood/Haemoglobin Oxygen Content and Oxygen Equilibrium Curves --; 10.3 Molecular Aspects of Haemoglobin-Oxygen Binding --; 10.4 Formation and Reduction of Methaemoglobin --; 10.5 Cellular and Molecular Adaptations of Haemoglobin Function to Variations in Respiratory Requirements --; References.

This book reviews the function of vertebrate erythrocytes, particularly of nucleated red cells. Throughout, current knowledge on nucleated red cell function is related to the wealth of information about the function of mammalian erythrocytes. The discussion covers erythropoiesis, synthesis and structure of haemoglobin, structure of nonnucleated and nucleated erythrocytes, their deformability, energy metabolism, substrate and ion transport across the cell membrane, control of cell volume and pH, carbon dioxide transport, and oxygen transport with emphasis on the effects of environment on the oxygen affinity of blood. Aspects such as substrate transport across the membrane and the energy metabolism of nucleated red blood cells are outlined. Based on recent findings of the secondary active transport of ions across the membrane, the role of this mechanism in the control of cellular volume and pH is discussed. Finally, the control of haemoglobin function at the cellular and molecular level is treated. Special attention is paid to the regulation of oxygen affinity in changing environments.

Biochemistry.

Hematology.

Life sciences.

by Mikko Nikinmaa.

Mikko Nikinmaa

[Book]

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