عنوان

Biology of Chrysomelidae

9400931050

9401078963

9789400931053

9789401078962

b556432

Biology of Chrysomelidae

[Book]

edited by P. Jolivet, E. Petitpierre, T.H. Hsiao.

Dordrecht

Springer Netherlands

1988

(640 pages)

Series entomologica, 42.

1. Trophic Selection.- 1. Food Habits and Food Selection of Chrysomelidae. Bionomic and Evolutionary Perspectives.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Food selection among the subfamilies.- 2.1. Section Eupoda.- 2.1.1. Sagrinae.- 2.1.2 Aulacoscelinae.- 2.1.3. Orsodacninae.- 2.1.4. Zeugophorinae.- 2.1.5. Donaciinae.- 2.1.6. Megalopodinae.- 2.1.7. Criocerinae.- 2.1.8. Synetinae.- 2.2. Section Camptosoma.- 2.2.1 Clytrinae.- 2.2.2 Cryptocephalinae.- 2.2.3 Chlamisinae.- 2.3. Section Cyclica.- 2.3.1 Lamprosomatinae.- 2.3.2 Megascelinae.- 2.3.3 Eumolpinae.- 2.4. Section Trichostoma.- 2.4.1 Chrysomelinae.- 2.4.2 Galerucinae.- 2.4.3 Alticinae.- 2.5 Section Cryptostoma.- 2.5.1. Hispinae.- 2.5.2. Cassidinae.- 3. Economic importance.- 4. Evolutionary perspectives.- 5. Concluding remarks.- 2. Crucifer-Feeding Chrysomel1dae: Mechanisms of Host Plant Finding and Acceptance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Distribution of crucifer feeding within Chrysomelidae.- 3. Chemicals from the Cruciferae influencing insect behaviour and performance.- 4. Factors affecting suitability of plants.- 5. Factors influencing acceptability of plants.- 6. Behaviour involved in host plant acceptance.- 7. Habitat finding.- 8. Host plant finding.- 9. Examining the plant and initiation of feeding.- 10. Feeding and oviposition.- 11. Host plant specificity.- 12. Concluding remarks.- 3. Feeding Stimulants of Leaf Beetles.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The role of chemicals in the feeding behaviour of phytophagous insects.- 3. The feeding stimulants of leaf beetles.- 3.1. Volatile secondary plant substances.- 3.2. Primary plant substances (nutrient chemicals).- 3.3. Non-volatile secondary plant substances.- 3.3.1 Cucurbitaceae-feeding leaf beetles.- 3.3.2. Cruciferae-feeding leaf beetles.- 3.3.3. Polygonaceae-feeding leaf beetles.- 3.3.4. Colorado potato beetle.- 3.3.5. Other leaf beetles.- 4. The role of secondary plant substances in the feeding behaviour of leaf beetles.- 4. Host Plants and Defense mechanisms in Oedionychina (Alticinae).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Host-plant relationships.- 3. Laboratory feeding preferences.- 4. Anti-predator adaptations.- 5. Mimicry.- 5. Leaf-Beetle Community Structure in an Amazonian Rainforest Canopy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Field methods.- 3. Analytical methods.- 4. Results.- 5. Discussion.- 6. The Chrysomelidae: A Useful Group for Investigating Herbivore-Herbivore Interaction.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Interference competition.- 3. Exploitative competition.- 4. Changes in plant chemistry.- 5. Changes in plant architecture.- 6. Herbivore associations.- 7. Evidence for herbivore-herbivore interactions.- 2. Biogeography.- 7. Zoogeography of the Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Material and field work.- 3. Regionality of the fauna of Chrysomelidae by subfamily composition.- 4. Seasonal changes of subfamily composition in Sri Lanka.- 8. The Origins of the Alticinae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Continental drift.- 3. Neotropical region.- 4. Nearctic region.- 5. Palaearctic region.- 6. Oriental region.- 7. Australian region.- 8. African region.- 9. Conclusions.- 3. Genetics and Evolution.- 9. Cytogenetics. Cytotaxonomy and Genetics of Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Chromosome numbers and karyotypic architecture.- 3. Meiotic systems.- 4. Sex chromosomes.- 5. Cytotaxonomy.- 6. Genetics.- 7. Perspectives and future researches.- 10. Chromosome Numbers and Meioformulae of Chrysomelidae.- 11. Cytotaxonomy of Alticinae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The ancestral chromosome number.- 3. Chromosomal vs. extrachromosomal cellular parameters.- 4. Groups with Xyp or its fully pairing derivatives.- 5. Groups with inherent sex univalents.- 5.1. Alticini and Hermaeophagina.- 5.2. Oedionychini.- 6. Conclusions.- 12. Genetics of the Two Colour Forms of Chrysolina Aurichalcea (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their Gene Frequencies in Two Mountainous Areas of Central Honshu, Japan.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Material and methods.- 2.1. Crossing of the cyaneus-form and the cupreous-form.- 2.2. Sampling of field populations and estimation of gene frequency.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Crossing experiments.- 3.2. Mate choice.- 3.3. Frequency of the two colour in field populations.- 3.4. Annual changes in the frequency of the two colour forms.- 4. Discussion.- 13. Genetics of Chelymorpha Cribraria, Cassidinae: Colour Patterns and their Ecological Meanings.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Chelymorpha cribraria.- 3. Genetics of colour-pattern.- 4. Mimicry rings.- 5. Defense mechanisms and predation.- 6. The evolution of the polymorphism.- 7. Concluding remarks.- 4. Defense Mechanisms.- 14. Chemical Defense in the Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Modes of release.- 3. Defensive allomones of the adults.- 4. Defensive allomones of the larvae.- 5. Defensive allomones of the pupae.- 6. Defensive allomones of the eggs.- 7. Origin and biosynthesis of defensive allomones in leaf beetles.- 7.1. Adult allomones.- 7.2. Larval allomones.- 8. The efficiency of chemical defense.- 9. Conclusion and overview.- 15. Larval Gregariousness in the Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Possible functions of larval gregariousness.- 3. Mechanisms of larval gregarious behaviour.- 4. Conclusion.- 16. Mimicry and the Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Protective (defense) mimicry.- 2.1. Poisonous species or species possessing repellent secretions.- 2.2. Mullerian mimicry.- 2.3. Eye-spots.- 2.4. Collective mimicry.- 2.5. Adventitious mimicry.- 2.5.1. Thanatosis.- 3. Aggressive mimicry.- 3.1. Serendipitous mimicry.- 3.2. Actual vs. deceptive disappearance.- 3.3. Aggressive mimicry.- 4. Sexual dimorphism and mimicry.- 4.1. Sex-limited mimicry.- 4.2. Ants.- 4.3. Stridulation.- 5. Colour changes in adult Chrysomelids.- 5.1. Durability of mimicry.- 17. The Jumping Apparatus of Flea Beetles (Alticinae) - The Metafemoral Spring.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Spring anatomy.- 3. Spring function.- 4. Spring Morpho-groups.- 5. Application.- 6. Alticine relationships.- 5. Anatomy and Reproduction.- 18. Localization of Spermatozoa Inside Viviparous and Ovirparous Females of Chrysomelinae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Comparative study of spermatheca between oviparous and viviparous females.- 2.1. Anatomy of spermatheca.- 2.2. Capacity of spermatheca.- 3. Extra-spermatheca localization of spermatozoa.- 3.1. Migration of spermatozoa in Oreina luctuosa.- 3.2. Migration of spermatozoa among other species.- 4. Localization of spermatozoa within females lacking spermatheca.- 5. Locus of fertilization.- 6. Conclusion.- 19. Comparative Morphology of the Internal Reproductive System of the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Gross morphology and homology.- 2.1. The male organs.- 2.1.1. The testis.- 2.1.2. The vas deferens.- 2.1.3. The ejaculatory duct.- 2.1.4. The accessory gland.- 2.2. The female organs.- 2.2.1. The ovary.- 2.2.2. The lateral oviduct.- 2.2.3. The common oviduct.- 2.2.4. The spermathecal organ.- 2.2.5. The accessory gland of the ovipositor.- 3. Comparative morphology.- 3.1. Subfamily Orsodacninae (C.G. Thomson 1866).- 3.2. Subfamily Zeugophorinae (Chujo 1952).- 3.3. Subfamily Megalopodinae (Lacordaire 1845).- 3.4. Subfamily Sagrinae (Jacoby 1908).- 3.5. Subfamily Donaciinae (Kirby 1837).- 3.6. Subfamily Criocerinae (Lacordaire 1845).- 3.7. Subfamily Synetinae (Edwards 1953).- 3.8. Subfamily Chrysomelinae (Lacordaire 1845).- 3.9. Subfamily Galerucinae (Chevrolat 1845).- 3.10. Subfamily Alticinae (Allard 1865).- 3.11. Subfamily Clytrinae (Blanchard 1846).- 3.12. Subfamily Cryptocephaline (Chapuis 1874).- 3.13. Subfamily Chlamisinae (Gressitt 1946).- 3.14. Subfamily Lamprosomatinae (Lacordaire) 1848).- 3.15. Subfamily Hispinae (Baly 1858).- 3.16. Subfamily Cassidinae (Stephens 1931).- 3.17. Subfamily Eumolpinae (Chapuis 1874).- 3.18. Subfamily megascelinae (Jacoby 1908).- 4. Phylogenetic relationships among the subfamilies.- 20. Sperm Structure and Phylogeny of the Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Material and methods.- 3. Observations.- 3.1.

The general features of Chrysomelidae spermatozoon.- 3.2. Cassidinae.- 3.3. Zeugophorinae.- 3.4. Chrysomelidae.- 3.5. Criocerinae.- 3.6. Clytrinae.- 3.7. Cryptocephalinae.- 3.8. Hispinae.- 3.9. Galerucinae.- 3.10. Donaciinae.- 3.11. Alticinae.- 4. Concluding remarks.- 6. Natural Enemies.- 21. Viruses and Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Entomopathogenic viruses.- 3. The viruses.- 4. Plant pathogenic viruses.- 4.1. The vectors.- 4.2. The viruses.- 4.3. Feeding methods.- 5. Virus transmission.- 6. Interaction between plant viruses and their vectors.- 7. Summary.- 22. Laboulbeniales (Ascomycetes) Parasitic on Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Catalogue.- 2.1. On Criocerinae.- 2.2. On Cryptocephalinae.- 2.3. On Eumolpinae.- 2.4. On Chrysomelinae.- 2.5. On Galerucinae.- 2.6. On Alticinae.- 2.7. On Hispinae.- 2.8. On Cassidinae.- 23. Microsporida of the Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Identification.- 2.1. Light microscopy.- 2.1.1. Wet smear.- 2.1.2. Straining with Giemsa stain.- 2.1.3. Staining with Delamater's basic Fuchsine.- 2.1.4. Series of sections.- 2.2. Transmission electron microsopy.- 2.3. Scanning electron microsopy.- 3. List of microsporidans from Chrysomelidae.- 4. Host-parasite relationship.- 4.1. Invasion of host.- 4.2. Effects on the host.- 4.2.1. Lysis of parasitised tissue.- 4.2.2. Hypertrophy of infested cells.- 4.2.3. Reduced fertility of eggs.- 4.2.4. Perturbation of growth.- 4.3. Defence reaction of host.- 5. Microsporidians in Chrysomelidae as biological control agents.- 5.1. Production of spores.- 5.2. Storage of spores.- 5.3. Transmission of infestation.- 5.4. Specificity.- 5.5. Conservation and distribution in natural populations of hosts.- 6. Conclusions.- 24. Gregarines of Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Systematics and biogeography.- 2.1. Gregarinidae.- 2.2. Hirmocystidae.- 2.3. Actinocephalidae.- 2.4. Gregarines Incertae sedis.- 3. Action on the hosts.- 4. Phylogenetical considerations.- 5. A recapitulative list of the gregarines of Chrysomelidae.- 25. Nematode Parasites of Chrysomelidae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Bionomics of nematode groups naturally associated with Chrysomelidae.- 2.1. Mermithidae.- 2.1.1. Life cycle.- 2.1.2. Host specificity.- 2.1.3. Defense reactions.- 2.2. Allantonematidae.- 2.2.1. Life cycle.- 2.2.2. Host specificity.- 2.2.3. Defense reactions.- 2.3. Rhabditidae.- 2.3.1. Life cycle.- 2.3.2. Host specificity.- 2.3.3. Defense reactions.- 3. Application of nematodes for biological control of Chrysomelidae.- 26. The Parasitoids of Hispinae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Leaf-mining Hispinae.- 2.1. Coelaenomenodera.- 2.1.1. C. minuta.- 2.1.2. Coeluenumenodera perrieri Fuirmaire.- 2.2. Promecotheca.- 2.3. Hispolepsis.- 3. Leaf-eating Hispinae.- 3.1. Asian species.- 3.2. American species.- 3.3. Madagascan species.- 4. Conclusion.- 7. Bionomics and Miscellaneous Topics.- 27. Chrysomelids and Ants.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Defense stratagems of Chrysomelids.- 2.1. Eggs.- 2.2. Larvae.- 2.3. Pupae.- 2.4. Adults.- 3. Commensalism.- 4. Discussion and conclusions.- 28. The Criocerinae: Biology. Phylogeny and Evolution.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biology.- 2.1. General remarks.- 2.2. Host plants.- 2.3. Development and phenologies: predators and parasites.- 2.4. Competition avoidance.- 2.5. Stridulation.- 3. Phylogeny.- 4. Evolution.- 29. Biology of Oulema.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Life history and diapause.- 3. Movement and genetic variation.- 4. Insect-plant interactions.- 5. Plant resistance.- 5.1. Chemical resistance.- 5.2. Physical resistance.- 30. Biology of Camptosomata. Clytrinae - Cryptocephalinae - Chlamisinae Lamprosomatinae.- 1. General characteristics.- 2. Habits of Camptosomata.- 2.1. Adults.- 2.2. Larvae.- 2.3. Camptosomata as pests and as biocontrol agents.- 3. Characteristics features of the life-cycle.- 4. Comparative details of oviposition and development within the Camptosomata.- 4.1. Rectal apparatus and egg dimple.- 4.2. Oviposition.- 4.3. Shapes of the egg-cases.- 4.4. Time taken for the production of egg-cases.- 4.5. Number of eggs per female.- 4.6. Embryonic period.- 4.7. Shapes of the larval cases.- 4.8. The building material of the egg and larval cases.- 4.9. Morphological characteristics of the larvae.- 4.10. Ecdysis.- 4.11. Pupation.- 4.12. Length of the pupal period.- 5. Duration of the life-cycle.- 6. Enemies of the Camptosomata.- 31. Eumolpinae Associated with Cacao Trees (Theobroma Cacao l.) in Southeast Bahia.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Feeding habitats of Eumolpinae adults and larvae in the cacao plantation.- 3. Biological aspects of Percolaspis ornata (Germar 1824).- 3.1. Eggs, oviposition, and fecundity.- 3.2. Larva.- 3.2.1. General appearance.- 3.2.2. Laboratory rearing.- 3.3. Pupae.- 3.4. Adults.- 4. Natural enemies.- 32. Biology of Neotropical Cassidinae.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Parasitism.- 3. Predation.- 4. Parental care.- 5. Colour changes.- 6. Morphological, ecological and distributional characteristics.- 6.1 Tribe Delocraniini.- 6.2. Tribe Hemisphaerotini.- 6.3. Tribe Imatidiini.- 6.4. Tribe Omocerini.- 6.5. Tribe Goniocheniini.- 6.6. Tribe Dorynotini.- 6.7. Tribe Stolaini.- 6.8. Tribe Ischyrosonichini.- 6.9. Tribe Physonotini.- 6.10. Tribe Cassidini.- 6.11. Tribe Charidotini.- 33. Host Specificity, Seasonality and Bionomics of Leptinotarsa Beetles.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Taxonomy relationship with related genera.- 3. Pattern of host plant affinity.- 4. Life history and bionomics.- 5. Seasonal adaptation.- 6. Mechanism of host plant selection and specificity.- 7. Concluding remarks.- Authors Index.- Taxonomic Index.

Ecology.

Life sciences.

edited by P. Jolivet, E. Petitpierre, T.H. Hsiao.

E Petitpierre

P Jolivet

T H Hsiao

[Book]

Y