Preliminaries; Contents; 3 Exploration, mining and refining of copper; 1 History and background; 2 Origins and location of copper; 4 Fabrication of copper and its alloys; 5 Main types of copper and its alloys; 6 Qualities of copper and its alloys; 7 End uses of copper and its alloys; 8 Structure of the market; 9 International trade in copper; Appendices: World's major coppermines and plants.