A. Introduction and Mechanism --;1. Introduction --;2. The Mechanism of Action of Nitrates at the Cellular Level --;B. Indications --;3. Stable Angina Pectoris --;4. The Mechanism of Action of Nitrates in Angina Pectoris --;5. Nitrates Compared and Combined with Other Antianginal Drugs --;6. Unstable Angina Pectoris --;7. Long-Term Use of Nitrates in Angina Pectoris --;8. Silent Ischemia --;9. Acute Myocardial Infarction --;10. Congestive Heart Failure --;11. Congestive Heart Failure and Valvular Diseases --;12. Long-Term Nitrate Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure --;13. Nitrates Combined and Compared with Other Drugs in Congestive Heart Failure --;14. Systemic Hypertension, Arrhythmias and Cardiac Surgery --;15. Pulmonary, Abdominal, and Peripheral Vascular Effects --;16. Non-Cardiovascular Indications for Nitrates --;17. Nitrates in Children and the Elderly --;C. Nitrate Formulations and Routes of Administration --;18. Sublingual Tablets and Oral Spray --;19. Intravenous Administration of Nitrates --;20. Intracoronary Administration of Nitrates --;21. Oral Administration of Nitrates --;22. Mononitrates --;23. Transdermal Administration of Nitrates --;24. Buccal Nitroglycerin --;D. Pharmacology --;25. Clinical Pharmacology --;26. Side Effects and Drug Interactions --;27. Dosage and Administration --;E. Conclusions --;References.
Nitrates have been for many years the cornerstone of cardiovascular therapy for various indications. The primarily used nitrates in clinical practice are nitroglycerin and the com- plex organic nitrates, mainly isosorbide dinitrate.