عنوان

Parasitism and Host Behaviour.

0203489950

9780203489956

b552501

Parasitism and Host Behaviour.

[Book]

C F Barnard

1st ed

Boca Raton

CRC Press

2002. ©2005

(393 pages)

Book Cover --;Half-Title --;Title --;Copyright --;Contents --;Preface --;Contributors --;1. Parasitic relationships --;INTRODUCTION --;PRODUCER/SCROUNGER RELATIONSHIPS --;Scrounging by usurpation --;Scrounging food --;REDUCING THE COSTS OF FOOD PROCESSING --;REDUCING THE COSTS OF SEARCHING AND PROCUREMENT --;REDUCING THE COSTS OF SEARCHING --;Scrounging sex --;REDUCING THE COSTS OF MATE ATTRACTION --;REDUCING THE COSTS OF MATE AROUSAL --;REDUCING INVESTMENT IN COPULATION --;Scrounging parental care --;REDUCING THE COST OF GAMETIC PARENTAL CARE: ANISOGAMY AS A PRODUCER/SCROUNGER RELATIONSHIP --;REDUCING THE COST OF POSTGAMETIC PARENTAL CARE --;Parasite life cycles and usurpation of host behaviour --;Scrounging by deception --;THE COST OF SCROUNGERS --;Increased metabolic investment --;Reduced returns --;Reduced reproductive output --;Parasitic castration --;Reduced attractiveness or inclination to mate --;Brood loss --;Reduced longevity --;The cost of counteradaptation --;ARMS RACES AND PRODUCER/SCROUNGER RELATIONSHIPS --;Differences in evolutionary rates --;Differences in adaptation budgets --;Differences in the cost of failure --;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;REFERENCES --;2. Pathology and host behaviour --;INTRODUCTION --;ORGAN MALFUNCTION --;Sensory organs --;Central nervous system --;Musculature --;REDUCED NUTRITIONAL LEVELS --;Energy or nutrient drain --;Reduced assimilation efficiency --;Anorexia --;Altered oxygen delivery --;Behavioural consequences --;MODULATION OF CONTROL SYSTEMS --;Host responses to tissue damage --;Direct modulation through parasite secretions --;Behavioural consequences --;ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF PATHOLOGY --;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;REFERENCES --;3. Physiological alterations during parasitism and their effects on host behaviour --;BEHAVIOUR AND INTIMATE ASSOCIATIONS --;PARASITISM AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION. NUTRITIONAL ALTERATION --;Studies on vertebrate hosts --;Inappetence and host growth --;Nutrition and gastrointestinal pathology --;Pathology and intensity of infection --;Studies on invertebrate hosts --;Food intake, growth and conversion efficiency in insect hosts --;Growth and conversion efficiency in molluscan hosts --;HORMONAL ALTERATION --;Studies on invertebrate hosts --;Developmental alterations in insect hosts --;Reproductive efficiency and parasitic castration in molluscan hosts --;Reproductive efficiency and sexual character in insect hosts --;Studies on vertebrate hosts --;METABOLIC ALTERATION --;Studies on vertebrate hosts --;Protein metabolism in sheep and guinea-pigs --;Studies on invertebrate hosts --;Carbohydrate metabolism in insect hosts --;Carbohydrate and protein metabolism in molluscan hosts --;THE ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATION --;CONCLUSION --;REFERENCES --;4. Parasites and host decision-making --;INTRODUCTION --;PROBLEMS IN THE EVOLUTION OF HOST DECISION-MAKING --;PARASITIZED ENERGY AND HOST DECISION-MAKING --;PARASITIZED OXYGEN AND HOST DECISION-MAKING --;DECISIONS BASED ON VISUAL ACUITY WITH A FLUKE IN THE EYE --;POOR COMPETITORS HAVE TO BE CLEVER --;COMPETITION AND RISK OF PREDATION --;PARENTAL CARE AND HOST DECISION-MAKING --;CONCLUSIONS --;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;REFERENCES --;5. Parasites and the evolution of host sexual behaviour --;INTRODUCTION --;PARASITE MANIPULATION OF HOST REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT --;MATE CHOICE --;Intraspecific competition --;Chemosensory cues --;Direct external signs --;Secondary sexual characters: the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis --;Theoretical considerations --;TRAITS WHICH SIGNAL PARASITE RESISTANCE --;MODELS --;PARASITOLOGICAL ISSUES --;Empirical evidence --;INTERSPECIFIC TESTS --;INTRASPECIFIC TESTS --;MATING SYSTEMS --;Polyandry --;Extra-pair copulations --;Polygyny. GROUP LIVING AND SOCIALITY --;SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS --;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;REFERENCES --;6. Host behaviour and opportunism in parasite life cycles --;PARASITE TRANSMISSION STRATEGIES --;Continuous release of infective stages --;Discontinuous release of infective stages --;Seasonal cycles --;Circadian rhythms --;Irregular opportunities for transmission --;Opportunistic transmission in polystomatid monogeneans --;Life cycle of Pseudodiplorchis americanus: a case study --;Alternative strategies amongst polystomatid monogeneans --;THE REQUIREMENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF OPPORTUNISM --;Factors triggering transmission --;Control of hatching --;RESPONSE TO LIGHT-DARK CYCLES --;RESPONSE TO SHADOWS --;RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL STIMULI --;Control of release of infective stages by the parent parasite --;THE CONTROL OF OVIPOSITION IN MONOGENEANS --;Nutrition of infective stages --;Reproductive potential in opportunistic life cycles --;Factors restricting biotic potential --;Adaptations for boosting reproducing populations --;CONCLUSIONS --;REFERENCES --;7. A phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of altered host behaviours: a critical look at the manipulation hypothesis --;INTRODUCTION --;ALTERED HOST RESPONSES: PARASITIC MANIPULATION? --;Altered activity --;Conspicuous behaviour/appearance --;Changes in social behaviour --;Changes in foraging behaviour --;PHYLOGENY AND ALTERED HOST BEHAVIOUR --;Qualitative similarity analysis --;Quantitative similarity analysis --;Quantitative cladistic analysis --;Further considerations --;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;REFERENCES --;8 Human behaviour and the epidemiology of helminth infections: cultural practices and microepidemiology --;INTRODUCTION --;TRICHINOSIS --;Introduction --;Life cycles of Trichinella --;Domestic cycle of Trichinella --;Trichinosis in the Arctic --;Trichinosis in Africa --;HYDATID DISEASE --;Introduction. Echinococcus and hydatis disease in the Turkana district of Kenya --;Control of hydatid disease in Turkana --;SCHISTOSOMIASIS --;Introduction --;The discovery of the life cycles of schistosomes --;The control of schistosomiasis --;Contamination of transmission sites with infective eggs --;Contamination by S. mansoni eggs --;Animal reservoirs as sources of contamination --;Contamination by S.haematobium eggs --;Contamination by S. japonicum eggs --;Acquisition of schistosome infections --;Control of schistosomiasis based on changing human behaviour --;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;REFERENCES --;9. Human behaviour and the epidemiology of helminth infections: the role of behaviour in exposure to infection --;INTRODUCTION --;QUANTIFYING HUMAN BEHAVIOURS THAT RESULT IN INFECTION --;Direct assessment of exposure to schistosome infection --;Indirect assessment of exposure to geohelminth infection --;CORRELATIONS BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND INFECTION --;Schistosome water contact exposure and infection --;Geohelminth soil-ingestion exposure and infection --;IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS --;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;REFERENCES --;10. Influence of host behaviour on some ectoparasites of birds and mammals --;INTRODUCTION --;VISITING ECTOPARASITES --;Exploitation of host behaviour and learned evasive responses by hosts --;RESIDENT ECTOPARASITES --;Ectoparasites of small mammals --;Ectoparasites of large mammals --;Ectoparasites of birds --;Specialized host behaviours --;Man --;Adaptive responses of parasites to host removal behaviour --;Dispersal --;CONCLUSIONS --;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --;REFERENCES --;Index.

Recent ideas and experimental studies suggest that the relationship between parasitism and host behaviour has been a powerful shaping force in the evolution not only of behaviour patterns themselves but, through them, of morphology and population and community dynamics. This book brings together recent work across the disciplines of parasitology and animal behaviour which is revealing the fundamental role of parasitism in the evolution of behaviour. The aim is to look broadly at the relationship between parasitism and behaviour from pathology and epidemiology to strategies of exploitation and counter exploitation. In doing so the book will traverse the phylogenetic scale from enteric protozoa and nematodes to colouration and courtship of birds and human cultural traditions.

Host-parasite relationships.

Parasites -- Ecology.

Parasitism.

C F Barnard

C F Barnard

J M Behnke

[Book]

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