Foreword. 1. Introduction. 2. The macroeconomic effects of specific portfolios of projects. 3. Existing methods for the social appraisal of projects in situations of unemployment. 4. A method to calculate and evaluate the macroeconomic effects of projects, including small projects. 5. The calculations done with the Freia model. 6. The macroeconomic effects of wind energy in the Netherlands. 7. Converting the method into a dual method. 8. International aspects and the debate about import substitution. 9. Summary and conclusions. References. Index.
Environmental economics addresses the issues that arise on the boundaries between economic systems and natural systems, such as pollution and natural resource de- pletion and degradation.