عنوان

Ultrafast MRI :

3642803849

3642803865

9783642803840

9783642803864

b551057

Ultrafast MRI :

[Book]

techniques and applications

J.F. Debatin, G.C. McKinnon ; with contributions by I. Berry ... [et al.].

Berlin ; Heidelberg

Springer, [post

2006], 1998.

XVI, 247 s. : il. ; 24 cm

Na dokumencie data 1998, rok wyd. na podst. ISBN: [post 2006].

1 The Physics of Ultrafast Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Background Theory.- 2.1 The Spin Vector.- 2.2 Two-Dimensional Vectors and Complex Numbers.- 2.3 Complex Exponentials and Vector Rotation.- 2.4 Basics of 1D Fourier Transforms.- 2.5 Fourier Construction of a 1D Box.- 2.6 The Mathematics of Fourier Transforms.- 2.7 Aliasing or Undersampling.- 2.8 2D Fourier Transforms.- 2.9 2D Wave Functions.- 2.10 Fourier Construction of a 2D Object.- 3 MRI Basics.- 3.1 Resonance.- 3.2 Radiofrequency Field.- 3.3 Gradient Fields.- 3.4 Rotating Frame.- 3.5 Spin Excitation in a Gradient Field.- 3.6 Signal Detection in a Gradient Field.- 3.7 Spin Precession in a Gradient Field.- 3.8 A Pulse Sequence Diagram.- 3.9 Slice Selection.- 3.10 Phase Encoding.- 3.11 Frequency Encoding.- 3.12 Signal Reception.- 3.13 The MRI Signal.- 4 k-Space.- 4.1 Equations.- 4.2 Image Signal to Noise Ratio.- 5 k-Space Considerations for Ultrafast Imaging.- 5.1 k-Space Coverage and Image Resolution.- 5.2 K-Space Coverage and Field of View.- 5.3 Fractional K-Space Imaging.- 5.4 Half-Echo Verses Half-Nex.- 5.5 View Sharing.- 5.6 Zero Filling.- 6 Coherence Pathways.- 6.1 Controlling the Coherences.- 6.2 Coherence Pathway Diagram.- 7 Fast Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 7.1 Refocused Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 7.2 Spoiled Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 7.3 Reaching Steady State.- 7.4 Designing a Fast Gradient-Recalled Echo Sequence.- 7.4.1 Gradients.- 7.4.2 RF Pulse.- 7.4.3 Acquisition.- 7.4.4 Rewinder Gradient.- 7.4.5 Minimum Sequence Time.- 8 Planar k-Space Sampling Techniques.- 8.1 Echo-Planar Imaging.- 8.1.1 Multishot Echo-Planar Imaging.- 8.1.2 Asymmetric Echo-Planar Imaging.- 8.2 Spiral Imaging.- 8.3 Fast (Turbo) Spin-Echo Imaging.- 8.3.1 Multishot and Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo Imaging.- 8.3.2 RF Phase Errors.- 9 Physiological Gating.- 9.1 Prospective and Retrospective Gating.- 9.2 Segmented K-Space.- 9.3 Navigator Gating and Motion Correction.- 10 Hardware Considerations.- 10.1 Gradient Slew Rate.- 10.1.1 dB/dT Limits.- 10.2 Gradient Strength.- 10.2.1 Maxwell Terms.- 10.2.2 Eddy Currents.- 10.3 Gradient Limited Imaging Speed.- 10.4 Sampling Bandwidth.- References.- 2 Ultrafast Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine.- 1 Morphology.- 1.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Fetal Brain with HASTE.- 1.2 Ultrafast Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Plaque Imaging.- 1.3 Dynamic Evaluation of Cervical Spine Motion.- 2 Function.- 2.1 Functional MRI.- 2.1.1 Principle of BOLD Imaging.- 2.1.2 Practical Aspects of fMRI.- 2.1.3 Normal Results of Brain Activations.- 2.1.3.1 Cortical Activations in Normal Subjects.- 2.1.3.2 Central Activations in Normal Subjects.- 2.1.4 Clinical Applications of fMRI of the Brain.- 2.1.4.1 Presurgical Localization of Functional Areas.- 2.1.4.2 fMRI in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).- 2.2 Perfusion Imaging of the Brain.- 2.3 Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Brain.- 2.3.1 Application to the Early Diagnosis and Prognosis Determination of Stroke.- 2.3.2 Application to MS.- 2.4 Magnetization Transfer Imaging.- 2.4.1 Echo-Planar Generation of MT Maps.- 2.4.2 Evaluation of Demyelination in MS.- 2.4.3 Brain Malformations.- References.- 3 Ultrafast Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Heart.- 1 Introduction.- 2 MRI in Myocardial Ischemia.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Review of Clinical Applications of MRI in Ischemic Heart Disease.- 2.3 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging.- 2.3.1 Image Acquisition.- 2.3.2 Flow Quantitation.- 2.3.3 Potential Applications.- 2.3.4 Stress MR Perfusion.- 2.4 MR Angiography of the Coronary Arteries.- 2.4.1 Image Acquisition.- 2.4.2 Coronary Flow Reserve.- 3 Myocardial Function.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Wall Motion Analysis.- 3.3 Correction for Respiratory Motion.- 3.3.1 Breath-Hold Segmented EPI.- 3.3.2 Real-Time Respiratory Navigator Gating.- 3.4 Myocardial Viability.- 3.5 Stress MRI.- 3.6 Summary.- References.- 4 Ultrafast Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Vascular System.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Vascular Morphology.- 2.1 Contrast-Enhanced 3D MRA.- 2.1.1 Technical Aspects.- 2.1.1.1 Hardware Considerations.- 2.1.1.2 Pulse Sequence.- 2.1.1.3 Gadolinium Infusion.- 2.1.1.4 Image Interpretation.- 2.1.2 Clinical Applications.- 2.1.2.1 Pulmonary Arteries.- 2.1.2.2 Aorta.- 2.1.2.3 Extracranial Carotid Arteries.- 2.1.2.4 Renal Arteries.- 2.1.2.5 Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Arteries.- 2.1.2.6 Peripheral Arteries.- 2.1.2.7 Portal Venous System.- 2.2 Echo-Planar MRA.- 2.2.1 Technique Considerations.- 2.2.2 Applications of echo-planar MRA.- 2.2.2.1 Carotid Arteries.- 2.2.2.2 Renal Arteries.- 2.2.2.3 Trifurcation Arteries.- 2.2.2.4 Calf Veins.- 3 Vascular Function.- 3.1 PC Mapping: Technical Considerations.- 3.1.1 Spatial Averaging.- 3.1.2 Temporal Averaging.- 3.2 Applications of Ultrafast PC Imaging.- 3.2.1 Renal Arterial Flow Measurements.- 3.2.2 Mesenteric Ischemia.- References.- 5 Ultrafast Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Abdomen.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Fast (Turbo) T2-Weighted Imaging.- 2.1 Technique Considerations.- 2.1.1 T2-Weighted Spin-Echo Sequence.- 2.1.2 Inversion Recovery.- 2.1.3 Fast (Turbo) Spin-Echo Sequences.- 2.1.4 Half-Fourier Acquisition Single-Shot Fast Spin-Echo Sequences.- 2.1.5 Fast Inversion Recovery.- 2.1.6 3D FSE Imaging.- 2.2 Applications of Fast T2-Weighted Imaging.- 2.2.1 Liver.- 2.2.2 Pancreas.- 2.2.3 Spleen.- 2.2.4 Kidneys.- 2.2.5 MR Cholangio-pancreatography.- 2.2.6 MR Pyeolgraphy.- 3 Fast 2D Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 3.1 Technique Considerations.- 3.1.1 Sequential GRE Acquisitions.- 3.1.2 Multiplanar GRE Acquisitions.- 3.2 T1-Weighted GRE Imaging.- 3.3 Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced GRE Imaging.- 3.3.1 Liver.- 3.3.2 Spleen.- 3.3.3 Pancreas.- 3.3.4 Kidneys.- 3.4 Phase-Shift Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 4 Ultrafast 3D Gradient-Echo Imaging.- 4.1 MR Colonography.- 4.2 MR Gastrography.- 5 Echo-planar Techniques.- References.

Obrazowanie rezonansem magnetycznym.

J.F. Debatin, G.C. McKinnon ; with contributions by I. Berry ... [et al.].

et al

Graeme Colin McKinnon

Isabelle Berry

Jörg Felix Debatin

Springer-Verlag (Berlin)

[Book]

Y