عنوان

Venous valves :

370918827X

9783709188279

b549492

Venous valves :

[Book]

morphology, function, radiology, surgery.

R Gottlob

[Place of publication not identified]

Springer

2013

I. History.- II. Healthy Venous Valves.- 1. Embryology of Venous Valves.- 2. Occurrence and Distribution of Venous Valves.- A. General.- B. Leg and Pelvic Veins.- a) Distribution of Valves in Various Leg Veins.- b) Lawful Regularity of Distribution ("Klappengesetze").- c) Do Venous Valves Perish During Post-fetal Life?.- d) How Do Valves in Overdilated Veins Perish?.- e) Veins in Other Circulatory Regions.- 3. Anatomy of Venous Valves.- A. Macroscopic Anatomy.- a) Parietal Valves (Pocket Valves).- b) Ostial Valves.- c) Spatial Arrangement of Venous Valves.- B. Histology.- a) Paraffin Sections.- b) Semi-thin Sections.- c) Silver-stained En-face Preparations.- d) Unicellular Flat-Preparations ("Hautchenpraparate").- e) Electron Microscopy (By S. Gelelf) 53.- 4. Functions of Venous Valves.- A. Hydrodynamic Function.- B. Other Functions of Venous Valves.- C. Methods of Testing the Function of Venous Valves.- a) Clinical Examination.- b) Doppler-Ultrasound Diagnosis.- c) Peripheral Venous-Pressure Measurement (According to May and Kriessmer, 1978).- d) Photoplethysmography (PPG) and Light-Reflection Rheography (LRR).- e) Other Plethysmographic Methods.- f) Functional Testing of Individual Valves of the Femoral Vein.- Summary of Part II.- III. Pathologic Venous Valves.- 1. Pathologic Morphology.- A. Mechanical Lesions, Chemical Noxae.- B. Congenital Absence of Valves.- C. Age-related Changes.- a) In Conventional Paraffin Sections.- b) Age-caused Changes in Endothelium (Monolayered Flat-Preparations).- D. Inflammation of Venous Valves.- E. Venous Valves and the Development of Thrombosis.- F. Thrombosis of Valvular Pockets.- G. Post-thrombotic Changes of Venous Valves.- a) Complete Thrombosis in Paraffin Sections.- b) Incomplete Thrombosis.- c) Venous Valves After Spontaneous Lysis of Experimental Thrombi (En-face Preparations).- H. Valves in Varicose Veins.- a) Macroscopic Findings and Conventional Histology.- b) Own Findings in Subterminal Valves of Long Saphenous Veins (Silver-stained En-face Preparations).- 2. Pathologic Function.- A. Varicoceles.- B. Significance of Venous Valves for Development and Therapy of Varicose Veins.- a) Theory of Private Circulation.- b) The Theory of Perforators.- e) Arguments in Favour of the Theory of Perforators.- d) Arguments in Favour of the Theory of Private Circulation.- e) Critical Discussion of the Two Theories Explaining the Etiology of Primary Varices.- f) Circulatory Effects of Varicose Veins.- g) Localization of Communicating Branches with Valvular Incompetence.- h) Therapeutic Consequences.- i) Summary.- C. The Post-thrombotic Syndrome.- a) Clinical Symptoms.- b) Pathogenesis of the Post-thrombotic Syndrome.- e) Therapy of the Post-thrombotic Syndrome.- d) Raju's Concept.- Summary of Part III.- IV. Radiology Venous Valves.- A. Methods and Results.- B. Lesions Caused by Contrast Media.- a) Pathogenesis.- b) The Role of the Osmotic Pressure.- c) Low-osmolal Contrast Media.- d) Prevention of Lesions Caused by Contrast Media.- Summary of Part IV.- V: Importance of Venous Valves in Surgery.- 1. Venous Valves in Arterialized Veins.- A. Autologous Veins.- a) General.- b) Function of Venous Valves in Reversed Veins.- c) Valve-caused Stenosis in Arterialized Veins.- d) Elimination of Venous Valves for in situ Bypass Surgery.- B. Venous Valves in Homologous Grafts.- 2. Venous Thrombectomy.- 3. Reconstruction of Venous Valves.- A. General.- B. Plastic Procedures Apart from Transplantation or Transposition of Venous Segments.- a) "Substitute Valve" According to Psathakis.- b) Cuff-Method According to Hallberg (1972).- c) Valvuloplasty by Invagination of the Venous Wall.- d) Valvuloplasty According to Kistner.- e) Venous Ligatures in Cases of Post-thrombotic Syndrome.- C. Transplantation and Transposition of Veins.- a) Historical Notes.- b) Endothelium-preserving Operational Method.- c) Autologous Transplantation of Valve-bearing Venous Segments.- d) Homologous Veno-venous Transplantation.- e) Transposition of Veins.- D. Critical Discussion of Methods of Replacing Venous Valves.- a) General.- b) Assessment of Clinical Success.- c) Critical Discussion of Valvuloplastic Methods.- d) Critical Assessment of Transplantation and Transposition.- Summary of Part V.- References.

R Gottlob

R Gottlob

[Book]

Y