Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators.
[Book]
Spellman, Frank R.
CRC Pr I Llc
2014
pages
Volume 1:IntroductionThe 411 on MathematicsDimensional AnalysisBasic Units of Measurement and ConversionsSetting the StageUnits of MeasurementConversion FactorsConversionsWire-to-Water CalculationsAdvanced Units of Measurement and ConversionsSequence of OperationsSequence of Operations RulesSequence of Operations ExamplesFractions, Decimals, and PercentFractionsDecimalsPercentRounding and Significant DigitsRounding NumbersDetermining Significant FiguresPowers of Ten and ExponentsRulesPowersExamplesAverages (Arithmetic Mean) and MedianAveragesMedianSolving for the UnknownMath Rules of OperationEquationsAxiomsSolving EquationsChecking the AnswerSetting Up EquationsSummary of Key PointsRatios and ProportionsRatiosProportionsWorking with Ratios and ProportionsElectrical CalculationsElectrical Circuits and PowerSeries DC Circuit CharacteristicsParallel DC CircuitsCircumference, Area, and VolumePerimeter and CircumferenceAreaVolumeArea ExamplesVolume ExamplesForce, Pressure, Head, and Velocity CalculationsForce and PressureHeadVelocityForce, Pressure, Head, and Velocity ExamplesMass Balance and Measuring Plant PerformanceMass Balance for Settling TanksMass Balance Using BOD RemovalMeasuring Plant PerformancePlant Performance/EfficiencyUnit Process Performance and EfficiencyPercent Volatile Matter Reduction in SludgePumping CalculationsBasic Water Hydraulics CalculationsBasic Pumping CalculationsPositive-Displacement PumpsPumping ExamplesWater Source and Storage CalculationsWater Source CalculationsWater StorageWater Storage CalculationsCopper Sulfate DosingWater/Wastewater Laboratory CalculationsFaucet Flow EstimationService Line Flushing TimeComposite Sampling Calculation (Proportioning Factor)Biochemical Oxygen Demand CalculationsMoles and MolarityNormalitySettleability (Activated Biosolids Solids)Settleable SolidsBiosolids Total Solids, Fixed Solids, and Volatile SolidsWastewater Suspended Solids and Volatile Suspended SolidsBiosolids Volume Index and Biosolids Density IndexChemical Dosage CalculationsLaboratory ExamplesBasic Mathemathics Practice ProblemsBasic Math OperationsFundamental Water/Wastewater OperationsAppendix. Solutions to Chapter 17 ProblemsIndexVolume 2:Pumping CalculationsPumpingBasic Water Hydraulics CalculationsBasic Pumping CalculationsPositive-Displacement PumpsWater Source and Storage CalculationsWater SourcesWater Source CalculationsWater StorageWater Storage CalculationsCopper Sulfate DosingIron and Manganese RemovalCoagulation and Flocculation CalculationsCoagulationFlocculationCoagulation and Flocculation CalculationsCoagulation and Flocculation Practice ProblemsChemical FeedersChemical Feeder CalculationsSedimentation CalculationsSedimentationTank Volume CalculationsDetention TimeSurface Overflow RateMean Flow VelocityWeir Loading (Overflow) RatePercent Settled BiosolidsDetermining Lime Dosage (mg/L)Determining Lime Dosage (lb/day)Determining Lime Dosage (g/min)Sedimentation Practice ProblemsFiltration CalculationsWater FiltrationFlow Rate through a FilterFiltration RateUnit Filter Run VolumeBackwash RateVolume of Backwash Water RequiredRequired Depth of Backwash Water TankBackwash Pumping RatePercent Product Water Used for BackwateringPercent Mud Ball VolumeFilter Bed ExpansionFilter Loading RateFilter Medium SizeMixed MediaHead Loss for Fixed Bed FlowHead Loss through a Fluidized BedHorizontal Washwater TroughsFilter EfficiencyWater Filtration Practice ProblemsReferences and Recommended ReadingWater Chlorination CalculationsChlorine DisinfectionDetermining Chlorine Dosage (Feed Rate)Calculating Chlorine Dose, Demand, and ResidualBreakpoint Chlorination CalculationsCalculating Dry Hypochlorite Feed RateCalculating Hypochlorite Solution Feed RateCalculating Percent Strength of SolutionsChemical Use CalculationsChlorination Math Practice ProblemsFluoridationWater FluoridationFluoride CompoundsOptimal Fluoride LevelsFluoridation Process CalculationsFluoridation Math Practice ProblemsWater SofteningWater HardnessDetermining AlkalinityDetermining Bicarbonate, Carbonate, and Hydroxide AlkalinityLime Dosage Calculation for Removal of Carbonate HardnessCalculation for Removal of Noncarbonate HardnessRecarbonation CalculationCalculating Feed RatesIon Exchange CapacityWater Treatment CapacityTreatment Time Calculations (Until Regeneration Required)Salt and Brine Required for RegenerationWater Treatment Practice CalculationsAppendix. Solutions to Chapter 9 ProblemsIndexVolume 3:Flow, Velocity, and Pumping CalculationsVelocity and Flow ExamplesVelocity and Flow Practice ProblemsPumpingBasic Water Hydraulics CalculationsBasic Pumping CalculationsPositive-Displacement PumpsPreliminary Treatment CalculationsWet Well Capacity and Pumping RateScreeningGrit RemovalScreening and Grit Removal Practice ProblemsPrimary Treatment CalculationsProcess Control CalculationsPrimary Treatment Practice ProblemsTrickling Filter CalculationsTrickling Filter Process CalculationsTrickling Filter Practice ProblemsRotating Biological ContactorsRBC Process Control CalculationsRBC Practice ProblemsActivated BiosolidsActivated Biosolids Process Control CalculationsActivated Biosolids Practice ProblemsTreatment PondsTreatment Pond ParametersTreatment Pond Process Control CalculationsTreatment Pond Practice ProblemsChemical Dosage CalculationsChemical DosingChemical Dosage Practice ProblemsBiosolids Production and Pumping CalculationsProcess ResidualsPrimary and Secondary Solids Production CalculationsPercent SolidsBiosolids PumpingBiosolids Production and Pumping Practice CalculationsBiosolids Thickening CalculationsThickeningGravity/Dissolved Air Flotation Thickener CalculationsCentrifuge Thickening CalculationsBiosolids Thickening Practice ProblemsBiosolids DigestionBiosolids StabilizationAerobic Digestion Process Control CalculationsAnaerobic Digestion Process Control CalculationsBiosolids Digestion Practice ProblemsBiosolids Dewatering and DisposalBiosolids DewateringPressure Filtration CalculationsRotary Vacuum Filter Dewatering CalculationsSand Drying Bed CalculationsBiosolids DisposalBiosolids to CompostBiosolids Dewatering and Disposal Practice ProblemsWater/Wastewater Laboratory CalculationsThe Wastewater LabComposite Sampling Calculation (Proportioning Factor)Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) CalculationsMoles and MolarityNormalitySettleability (Activated Biosolids Solids)Settleable SolidsBiosolids Total Solids, Fixed Solids, and Volatile SolidsWastewater Suspended Solids and Volatile Suspended SolidsBiosolids Volume Index and Biosolids Density IndexWastewater Treatment Practice CalculationsAppendix A. Solutions to Chapter 14 ProblemsAppendix B. Formulas