عنوان

Internationalization of Industry :

3642714226

3642714242

9783642714221

9783642714245

b537171

Internationalization of Industry :

[Book]

an Assessment in the Light of a Small Open Economy (Switzerland) : with 17 figures and 45 tables

Silvio Borner

Berlin, heidelberg

Springer

2012

172 p.

I. Interdependency Through Internationalization in an Historical and Global Perspective.- 1 The "International Disorder": Some Historical Digressions on the Structure of Global Interdependencies.- 2 Dimensions and Perspectives of Interdependence: Exports, Multinationals, and New Forms of Internationalization.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Trade View: Exports and Imports.- 2.3 The Perspective of Foreign Direct Investment.- 2.4 The Entrepreneurial View: New Forms of Internationalization.- 2.5 Opportunities for New Forms of Internationalization in the Future.- 3 Global Forces Behind New Forms of Internationalization.- 3.1 The Displacement of Global Industrial Dynamics.- 3.2 Revolution in Information, Communication, Transportation, and Production Technologies and their Rapid International Diffusion.- 3.3 A Speed-Up of Structural Adjustment Processes with Adverse Effects on the Traditional Industrial Countries.- 3.4 The World Debt Problem and New Forms of Internationalization.- 4 The Structural Adjustment Problems of the National Economy: Views on the "Competitiveness Debate" of Swiss Executives.- II. A Taxonomy of New Forms of International Investment and Export Financing.- 5 New Forms of International Investment.- 5.1 Licensing.- 5.2 Sub-Contracting.- 5.3 Consulting.- 5.4 Contractual Cooperation.- 5.5 Joint Ventures.- 5.6 Group Investment.- 6 New Forms of Export Financing.- 6.1 Barter.- 6.1.1 Classical or "Pure" Barter.- 6.1.2 Barter with Contractual Participation of a Third Party.- 6.1.3 Parallel Barter.- 6.1.4 Triangular Barter.- 6.2 Long-term Commercial Framework Agreements.- 6.3 Counterdelivery.- 6.4 Offset.- 6.5 Junktim.- 6.6 Turnkey.- 6.7 Buy-Back.- III. Economic Theory and New Forms of Internationalization: Toward the Synthesis of a General Model.- 7 Introduction: Synopsis of Theoretical Development with Regard to Trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and New Forms of Internationalization (NFI).- 8 The Transaction Cost Approach to New Forms of International Investment (NFII).- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 NFII in the Categories of Internationalization Theory.- 8.3 Critical Review of Orthodox Internalization Theory.- 8.4 Attempts to Integrate NFII into a Theoretical Framework.- 9 The Transaction Cost Approach to New Forms of Export Financing (NFEF).- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Transaction Costs and Risks as Determinants of Exchange Systems:the Niehans Model.- 9.3 Tariffs, Subsidies, and Deficient Market Transparency as the Determinants of Countertrade.- 9.3.1 Countertrade in Situations of Bilateral Monopoly.- 9.3.2 Countertrade as a Rational Strategy for Combatting a Lack of Market Transparency.- 9.3.2.1 The Invisible Handshake: Okun's Theory of Implicit Contracts as Applied to Countertrade.- 9.3.2.2 Countertrade as a Reaction to a Lack of Market Signals on World Markets.- 10 Competitive Advantage and Technological Change from the Strategic Perspective of the Firm.- IV. Empirical Research on the Impact of New Forms of Internationalization on Swiss Industry.- 11 Empirical Research Concept and Data Base of Our Swiss Study.- 11.1 Empirical Research Concept.- 11.2 DataBase.- 12 Case Study Results.- 12.1 Case Studies of New Forms of International Investment (NFII).- 12.1.1 Utilization of New Forms of International Investment and the Branch of Industrial Activity.- 12.1.2 New Forms of International Investment and Technology.- 12.1.3 New Forms of International Investment and Management Structure.- 12.1.4 New Forms of International Investment and Export Activity.- 12.1.5 Market Characteristics of Firms Utilizing New Forms of International Investment.- 12.2 Case Studies on New Forms of Export Financing (NFEF).- 12.2.1 The Chemical Industry.- 12.2.2 The Pharmaceutical Industry.- 12.2.3 The Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries: the Case of a Multinational Firm.- 13 Results of the Survey on New Forms of International Investment (NFII).- 13.1 An Overview of International Activities.- 13.2 New Forms of International Investment and Traditional Categories of Industrial Analysis.- 13.2.1 New Forms of International Investment and Exports.- 13.2.2 New Forms of International Investment and Foreign Direct Investment.- 13.2.3 New Forms of International Investment and the Size of the Firm.- 13.2.4 New Forms of International Investment and Industrial Branch.- 13.2.5 New Forms of International Investment and Host Countries.- 13.2.6 New Forms of International Investment and the Level of Technology.- 13.3 The Various New Forms of International Investment in our Sample.- 13.4 The Role of New Forms of International Investment in the Future.- 14 Results of the Survey on New Forms of Export Financing (NFEF).- 14.1 Forms of Countertrade: their Frequency.- 14.2 Forms of Countertrade: their Geographical Distribution.- 14.3 Regional Distribution of Various Forms of Countertrade.- 14.4 Countertrade According to the Size of the Firm.- 14.5 Classical Exports Versus New Forms of Export Financing.- 14.6 The Relative Importance of Countertrade in Export Activity.- 14.7 Entrepreneurial Motivation for Export Activity.- 14.7.1 The Motives Behind Export Expansion.- 14.7.2 The Motives Behind Export Contraction.- 14.8 Protectionist Distortions in Foreign Markets Due to Government Assistance of Foreign Competitors.- 14.9 Industry-Specific Forecasts of Countertrade.- 14.10 Insurance and Risk-Taking: Exports Versus Countertrade.- 15 Results of Surveys of Swiss Multinationals.- 15.1 Foreign Employment, FDI, and International Production by Swiss Multinationals.- 15.2 New Forms of International Investment by Swiss Multinationals.- V. Synthesis: Conclusions and Recommendations for Economic Policy and Business Strategy.- 16 A Framework for the Evaluation of New Forms of Internationalization (NFI).- 16.1 Perspectives and Interests of the Various Actors.- 16.2 A Measuring Rod for the Efficiency and Equity of New Forms of Internationalization.- 16.3 The Main Elements of a Framework for Evaluation.- 17 Recommendations for Private Business Strategies.- 17.1 New Forms of Internationalization: the Link Between Global Disintegration and the International Operations of Firms.- 17.2 A Strategic Concept for New Forms of Internationalization.- 17.3 The Choice between Exports, New Forms of Export Financing, and New Forms of International Investment.- 18 Recommendations for Economic Policies at the National and International Levels.- 18.1 Internationalization of Industry and the Sovereignty of the Nation State.- 18.2 The Choice of a National Strategy.- 18.3 Foreign Trade Policy and New Forms of Internationalization.- 18.4 Democratic Corporatism and Swiss Domestic Policy.- References.

Silvio Borner

Silvio Borner

[Book]

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