History of neuroendocrinology and neurohormones -- Origin of life and the first signalling molecules -- Rise of metazoans and the elaboration of signalling systems -- Elaboration of neuroendocrine systems -- Neurohormones and receptors: structure, function and co-evolution -- Osmoregulation, metabolism and energy production -- Growth and development -- Biological rhythms -- Stress, arousal and homeostatic challenge -- Reproduction -- Behaviour, learning and memory -- Pheromones and chemo-attractants -- Xenobiotics and hormone mimics