Introduction / John C. Appleby and Paul Dalton -- The outlaw Hereward "The wake" : his companions and enemies / Paul Dalton -- Outlawry as an instrument of justice in the thirteenth century / Susan Stewart -- Justice and injustice? : England's local officials in the later Middle Ages / Richard Gorski -- Sacred outlaws : outlawry and the medieval church -- Candace Gregory-Abbott -- 'Sons of iniquity' : the problem of unlawfulness and criminality amongst professional soldiers in the Middle Ages / Neil Jamieson -- Political ideology in the early stories of Robin Hood -- A.J. Pollard -- Poachers and gamekeepers : four fifteenth-century West Country criminals / Hannes Kleineke -- Pirates and communities : scenes from Elizabethan England and Wales / John C. Appleby